यों
Hindi
Alternative forms
- यूँ (yū̃), यूं (yū̃) (misspelling) — pronunciation spelling
Etymology
Inherited from Old Hindi यूं (yūṃ),[1] from Apabhramsa एउं (euṃ), a variant of एम (ema), एम्व (emva), a contraction of Prakrit एमेव (emeva), itself a contraction of एवमेव (evameva), from Sanskrit एवम् एव (evam eva).[2] Ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *óywos. Cognate with Gujarati એમ (ema, “thus”), Punjabi ਐਵੇਂ (aivẽ, “thus”). Doublet of इमि (imi) and related to अब (ab).
Adverb
यों • (yõ) (Urdu spelling یوں)[3]
Coordinate terms
Hindi correlatives
| type | interrogative | relative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | indefinite | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | non-emphatic | कौन (kaun, “who?”), क्या (kyā, “what?”) |
जो (jo) | यह (yah) | वह (vah) | कुछ (kuch), कोई (koī), कुछ-न-कुछ (kuch-na-kuch), कोई-न-कोई (koī-na-koī) | |
| emphatic | - | जो भी (jo bhī) | यही (yahī) | वही (vahī) | कोई भी (koī bhī), कुछ भी (kuch bhī) | ||
| time | non-emphatic | कब (kab) | जब (jab) | अब (ab) | तब (tab) | कभी (kabhī) | |
| emphatic | - | जभी (jabhī) | अभी (abhī) | तभी (tabhī) | कभी भी (kabhī bhī) | ||
| place | non-emphatic | कहाँ (kahā̃) | जहाँ (jahā̃) | यहाँ (yahā̃) | वहाँ (vahā̃) | कहीं (kahī̃, “somewhere”) | |
| emphatic | - | जहीं (jahī̃) | यहीं (yahī̃) | वहीं (vahī̃) | कहीं भी (kahī̃ bhī, “anywhere”) | ||
| quantity | कितना (kitnā) | जितना (jitnā) | इतना (itnā) | उतना (utnā) | - | ||
| direction | किधर (kidhar) | जिधर (jidhar) | इधर (idhar) | उधर (udhar) | - | ||
| quality | कैसा (kaisā) | जैसा (jaisā) | ऐसा (aisā) | वैसा (vaisā), तैसा m (taisā) | कोई सा (koī sā) | ||
| manner | कैसे (kaise) | जैसे (jaise) | ऐसे (aise), | वैसे (vaise), तैसे (taise) | - | ||
| reason/manner | क्यों (kyõ) | ज्यों (jyõ) | क्योंकि (kyõki), यों (yõ) | त्यों (tyõ) | |||
References
- ^ Jaroslav Strnad (2013), Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC, page 284
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “evaṃ eva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- ^ McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “यों”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press