गण्

See also: गण, गुण, and गुणा

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

গণ্ (Assamese script)
ᬕᬡ᭄ (Balinese script)
গণ্ (Bengali script)
𑰐𑰜𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀕𑀡𑁆 (Brahmi script)
ဂဏ် (Burmese script)
ગણ્ (Gujarati script)
ਗਣ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌗𑌣𑍍 (Grantha script)
ꦒꦟ꧀ (Javanese script)
𑂏𑂝𑂹 (Kaithi script)
ಗಣ್ (Kannada script)
គណ៑ (Khmer script)
ຄຓ຺ (Lao script)
ഗണ് (Malayalam script)
ᡤᠠᢏ (Manchu script)
𑘐𑘜𑘿 (Modi script)
ᠺᠠᢏ (Mongolian script)
𑦰𑦼𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
𑐐𑐞𑑂 (Newa script)
ଗଣ୍ (Odia script)
ꢔꢠ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
𑆓𑆟𑇀 (Sharada script)
𑖐𑖜𑖿 (Siddham script)
ගණ් (Sinhalese script)
𑩞𑩪 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
𑚌𑚘𑚶 (Takri script)
க³ண் (Tamil script)
గణ్ (Telugu script)
คณฺ (Thai script)
ག་ཎ྄ (Tibetan script)
𑒑𑒝𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
𑨍𑨘𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Post-Vedic. Related to गुण (guṇa, “occurrence”), गुणयति (guṇayati, “multiplies”), and Prakrit गिणेइ (giṇei, “counts”). To account for the variance in the root vowel, Mayrhofer and Turner construct original -ऋ- (-ṛ-).

Beyond this, the derivation is uncertain. Turner connects it to गृणाति (gṛṇāti, “calls out, invokes”), from गॄ (gṝ), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to praise, greet”).^[1] In addition to Turner's theory, Mayrhofer mentions, though does not seem to particularly favor or disfavor, the traditional connection to Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger- (“to assemble, gather together”), whence also ग्राम (grāma). If so, cognates include Ancient Greek ᾰ̓γών (ăgṓn) and ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (ăgorā́), and Latin grex.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɳ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɐɳ/

Root

गण् • (gaṇ)^[3]

to count, calculate

Derived terms

Primary verbal forms

गणयति (gaṇayati, present)
अजीगणत् (ajīgaṇat, aorist)

Non-finite forms

गणित (gaṇita, past participle)
गणय्य (gaṇayya, gerund)
गणेय (gaṇeya, gerundive)
गणनीय (gaṇanīya, gerundive)
गणितव्य (gaṇitavya, gerundive)
गण्य (gaṇya, gerundive)

Derived nominal forms

गण (gaṇa)
गणता (gaṇatā)
गणत्व (gaṇatva)
गणपति (gaṇapati)
गणेश (gaṇeśa)
गणेश्वर (gaṇeśvara)
गणेशान (gaṇeśāna)
गणक (gaṇaka)
गणन (gaṇana)
गणिका (gaṇikā)
नगण्य (nagaṇya)

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root गण् (0 c, 8 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root गण् (4 c, 0 e)

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “gaṇáyati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 213
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “gaṇá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 458
^ Monier Williams (1899), “गण्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0342, column 3.

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “gaṇáyati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 213

[2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “gaṇá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 458

[3] Monier Williams (1899), “गण्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0342, column 3.

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