गणयति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

গণয়তি (Assamese script)
ᬕᬡᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
গণয়তি (Bengali script)
𑰐𑰜𑰧𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀕𑀡𑀬𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဂဏယတိ (Burmese script)
ગણયતિ (Gujarati script)
ਗਣਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌗𑌣𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦒꦟꦪꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂏𑂝𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಗಣಯತಿ (Kannada script)
គណយតិ (Khmer script)
ຄຓຍຕິ (Lao script)
ഗണയതി (Malayalam script)
ᡤᠠᢏᠠᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘐𑘜𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠺᠠᢏᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦰𑦼𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐐𑐞𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଗଣଯତି (Odia script)
ꢔꢠꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆓𑆟𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖐𑖜𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ගණයති (Sinhalese script)
𑩞𑩪𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚌𑚘𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
க³ணயதி (Tamil script)
గణయతి (Telugu script)
คณยติ (Thai script)
ག་ཎ་ཡ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒑𑒝𑒨𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨍𑨘𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-

Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-influ.

Sanskrit गॄ (gṝ)

Sanskrit गृ॒णाति॑ (gṛṇā́ti)?

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger-der.?

Sanskrit गण् (gaṇ)

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)

Sanskrit गणयति

From the root गण् (gaṇ) +‎ -अयति (-ayati)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐ.ɳɐ́.jɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɐ.ɳɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

गणयति • (gaṇayati) third-singular indicative (class 10, type P, present, root गण्)

count, number, enumerate, sum up, add up, reckon, calculate, compute, take into account
collect into one series
esteem, think worth, value at
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 3:
  I do not value him at a straw
consider, regard as, enumerate among (with loc.)
ascribe, attribute to (with loc.)
attend to, take notice of
(with a negative particle) not care about, leave unnoticed
न गणयति मृत्युम्
na gaṇayati mṛtyum
he does not care for death

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: ग॒णयि॑तुम् (gaṇáyitum)
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	ग॒णयि॑तुम् gaṇáyitum
Gerund	ग॒ण॒यि॒त्वा gaṇayitvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	ग॒ण॒यि॒त॒व्य॑ / ग॒ण॒नीय॑ gaṇayitavyà / gaṇanī́ya
Feminine Gerundive	ग॒ण॒यि॒त॒व्या॑ / ग॒ण॒नीया॑ gaṇayitavyā̀ / gaṇanī́yā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	ग॒णि॒त gaṇitá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	ग॒णि॒ता gaṇitā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	ग॒णि॒तव॑त् gaṇitávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	ग॒णि॒तव॑ती gaṇitávatī

Present: ग॒णय॑ति (gaṇáyati), ग॒णय॑ते (gaṇáyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ग॒णय॑ति gaṇáyati	ग॒णय॑तः gaṇáyataḥ	ग॒णय॑न्ति gaṇáyanti	ग॒णय॑ते gaṇáyate	ग॒णये॑ते gaṇáyete	ग॒णय॑न्ते gaṇáyante
Second	ग॒णय॑सि gaṇáyasi	ग॒णय॑थः gaṇáyathaḥ	ग॒णय॑थ gaṇáyatha	ग॒णय॑से gaṇáyase	ग॒णये॑थे gaṇáyethe	ग॒णय॑ध्वे gaṇáyadhve
First	ग॒णया॑मि gaṇáyāmi	ग॒णया॑वः gaṇáyāvaḥ	ग॒णया॑मः / ग॒णया॑मसि¹ gaṇáyāmaḥ / gaṇáyāmasi¹	ग॒णये॑ gaṇáye	ग॒णया॑वहे gaṇáyāvahe	ग॒णया॑महे gaṇáyāmahe
Imperative
Third	ग॒णय॑तु gaṇáyatu	ग॒णय॑ताम् gaṇáyatām	ग॒णय॑न्तु gaṇáyantu	ग॒णय॑ताम् gaṇáyatām	ग॒णये॑ताम् gaṇáyetām	ग॒णय॑न्ताम् gaṇáyantām
Second	ग॒णय॑ gaṇáya	ग॒णय॑तम् gaṇáyatam	ग॒णय॑त gaṇáyata	ग॒णय॑स्व gaṇáyasva	ग॒णये॑थाम् gaṇáyethām	ग॒णय॑ध्वम् gaṇáyadhvam
First	ग॒णया॑नि gaṇáyāni	ग॒णया॑व gaṇáyāva	ग॒णया॑म gaṇáyāma	ग॒णयै॑ gaṇáyai	ग॒णया॑वहै gaṇáyāvahai	ग॒णया॑महै gaṇáyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	ग॒णये॑त् gaṇáyet	ग॒णये॑ताम् gaṇáyetām	ग॒णये॑युः gaṇáyeyuḥ	ग॒णये॑त gaṇáyeta	ग॒णये॑याताम् gaṇáyeyātām	ग॒णये॑रन् gaṇáyeran
Second	ग॒णयेः॑ gaṇáyeḥ	ग॒णये॑तम् gaṇáyetam	ग॒णये॑त gaṇáyeta	ग॒णये॑थाः gaṇáyethāḥ	ग॒णये॑याथाम् gaṇáyeyāthām	ग॒णये॑ध्वम् gaṇáyedhvam
First	ग॒णये॑यम् gaṇáyeyam	ग॒णये॑व gaṇáyeva	ग॒णये॑म gaṇáyema	ग॒णये॑य gaṇáyeya	ग॒णये॑वहि gaṇáyevahi	ग॒णये॑महि gaṇáyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	ग॒णया॑त् / ग॒णया॑ति gaṇáyāt / gaṇáyāti	ग॒णया॑तः gaṇáyātaḥ	ग॒णया॑न् gaṇáyān	ग॒णया॑ते / ग॒णया॑तै gaṇáyāte / gaṇáyātai	ग॒णयै॑ते gaṇáyaite	ग॒णय॑न्त / ग॒णया॑न्तै gaṇáyanta / gaṇáyāntai
Second	ग॒णयाः॑ / ग॒णया॑सि gaṇáyāḥ / gaṇáyāsi	ग॒णया॑थः gaṇáyāthaḥ	ग॒णया॑थ gaṇáyātha	ग॒णया॑से / ग॒णया॑सै gaṇáyāse / gaṇáyāsai	ग॒णयै॑थे gaṇáyaithe	ग॒णया॑ध्वै gaṇáyādhvai
First	ग॒णया॑नि gaṇáyāni	ग॒णया॑व gaṇáyāva	ग॒णया॑म gaṇáyāma	ग॒णयै॑ gaṇáyai	ग॒णया॑वहै gaṇáyāvahai	ग॒णया॑महै gaṇáyāmahai
Participles
	ग॒णय॑त् gaṇáyat			ग॒णय॑मान / गणयान² gaṇáyamāna / gaṇayāna²
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit

Imperfect: अग॑णयत् (ágaṇayat), अग॑णयत (ágaṇayata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अग॑णयत् ágaṇayat	अग॑णयताम् ágaṇayatām	अग॑णयन् ágaṇayan	अग॑णयत ágaṇayata	अग॑णयेताम् ágaṇayetām	अग॑णयन्त ágaṇayanta
Second	अग॑णयः ágaṇayaḥ	अग॑णयतम् ágaṇayatam	अग॑णयत ágaṇayata	अग॑णयथाः ágaṇayathāḥ	अग॑णयेथाम् ágaṇayethām	अग॑णयध्वम् ágaṇayadhvam
First	अग॑णयम् ágaṇayam	अग॑णयाव ágaṇayāva	अग॑णयाम ágaṇayāma	अग॑णये ágaṇaye	अग॑णयावहि ágaṇayāvahi	अग॑णयामहि ágaṇayāmahi

Future: ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यति॑ (gaṇayiṣyáti), ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यते॑ (gaṇayiṣyáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यति॑ gaṇayiṣyáti	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यतः॑ gaṇayiṣyátaḥ	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यन्ति॑ gaṇayiṣyánti	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यते॑ gaṇayiṣyáte	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्येते॑ gaṇayiṣyéte	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यन्ते॑ gaṇayiṣyánte
Second	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यसि॑ gaṇayiṣyási	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यथः॑ gaṇayiṣyáthaḥ	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यथ॑ gaṇayiṣyátha	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यसे॑ gaṇayiṣyáse	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्येथे॑ gaṇayiṣyéthe	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यध्वे॑ gaṇayiṣyádhve
First	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यामि॑ gaṇayiṣyā́mi	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यावः॑ gaṇayiṣyā́vaḥ	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यामः॑ / ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्याम॑सि¹ gaṇayiṣyā́maḥ / gaṇayiṣyā́masi¹	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्ये gaṇayiṣyé	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्याव॑हे gaṇayiṣyā́vahe	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्याम॑हे gaṇayiṣyā́mahe
Participles
	ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यत् gaṇayiṣyát			ग॒ण॒यि॒ष्यमा॑ण gaṇayiṣyámāṇa
Notes	¹Vedic

Conditional: अग॑णयिष्यत् (ágaṇayiṣyat), अग॑णयिष्यत (ágaṇayiṣyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अग॑णयिष्यत् ágaṇayiṣyat	अग॑णयिष्यताम् ágaṇayiṣyatām	अग॑णयिष्यन् ágaṇayiṣyan	अग॑णयिष्यत ágaṇayiṣyata	अग॑णयिष्येताम् ágaṇayiṣyetām	अग॑णयिष्यन्त ágaṇayiṣyanta
Second	अग॑णयिष्यः ágaṇayiṣyaḥ	अग॑णयिष्यतम् ágaṇayiṣyatam	अग॑णयिष्यत ágaṇayiṣyata	अग॑णयिष्यथाः ágaṇayiṣyathāḥ	अग॑णयिष्येथाम् ágaṇayiṣyethām	अग॑णयिष्यध्वम् ágaṇayiṣyadhvam
First	अग॑णयिष्यम् ágaṇayiṣyam	अग॑णयिष्याव ágaṇayiṣyāva	अग॑णयिष्याम ágaṇayiṣyāma	अग॑णयिष्ये ágaṇayiṣye	अग॑णयिष्यावहि ágaṇayiṣyāvahi	अग॑णयिष्यामहि ágaṇayiṣyāmahi

Benedictive/Precative: ग॒ण्यात् (gaṇyā́t) or ग॒ण्याः (gaṇyā́ḥ), ग॒ण॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट (gaṇayiṣīṣṭá)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Optative/Potential
Third	ग॒ण्यात् / ग॒ण्याः¹ gaṇyā́t / gaṇyā́ḥ¹	ग॒ण्यास्ता॑म् gaṇyā́stām	ग॒ण्यासुः॑ gaṇyā́suḥ	ग॒ण॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट gaṇayiṣīṣṭá	ग॒ण॒यि॒षी॒यास्ता॑म्² gaṇayiṣīyā́stām²	ग॒ण॒यि॒षी॒रन् gaṇayiṣīrán
Second	ग॒ण्याः gaṇyā́ḥ	ग॒ण्यास्त॑म् gaṇyā́stam	ग॒ण्यास्त॑ gaṇyā́sta	ग॒ण॒यि॒षी॒ष्ठाः gaṇayiṣīṣṭhā́ḥ	ग॒ण॒यि॒षी॒यास्था॑म्² gaṇayiṣīyā́sthām²	ग॒ण॒यि॒षी॒ढ्वम् gaṇayiṣīḍhvám
First	ग॒ण्यास॑म् gaṇyā́sam	ग॒ण्यास्व॑ gaṇyā́sva	ग॒ण्यास्म॑ gaṇyā́sma	ग॒ण॒यि॒षी॒य gaṇayiṣīyá	ग॒ण॒यि॒षी॒वहि॑ gaṇayiṣīváhi	ग॒ण॒यि॒षी॒महि॑ gaṇayiṣīmáhi
Notes	¹Vedic ²Uncertain

Perfect: ग॒ण॒यामास॑ (gaṇayā́mā́sa) or ग॒ण॒यांच॒कार॑ (gaṇayā́ṃcakā́ra), ग॒ण॒यांच॒क्रे (gaṇayā́ṃcakré)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ग॒ण॒यामास॑ / ग॒ण॒यांच॒कार॑ gaṇayā́mā́sa / gaṇayā́ṃcakā́ra	ग॒ण॒यामा॒सतुः॑ / ग॒ण॒यांच॒क्रतुः॑ gaṇayā́māsátuḥ / gaṇayā́ṃcakrátuḥ	ग॒ण॒यामा॒सुः / ग॒ण॒यांच॒क्रुः gaṇayā́māsúḥ / gaṇayā́ṃcakrúḥ	ग॒ण॒यांच॒क्रे gaṇayā́ṃcakré	ग॒ण॒यांच॒क्राते॑ gaṇayā́ṃcakrā́te	ग॒ण॒यांच॑क्रि॒रे gaṇayā́ṃcakriré
Second	ग॒ण॒यामासि॑थ / ग॒ण॒यांच॒कर्थ॑ gaṇayā́mā́sitha / gaṇayā́ṃcakártha	ग॒ण॒यामा॒सथुः॑ / ग॒ण॒यांच॒क्रथुः॑ gaṇayā́māsáthuḥ / gaṇayā́ṃcakráthuḥ	ग॒ण॒यामा॒स / ग॒ण॒यांच॒क्र gaṇayā́māsá / gaṇayā́ṃcakrá	ग॒ण॒यांच॑कृ॒षे gaṇayā́ṃcakṛṣé	ग॒ण॒यांच॒क्राथे॑ gaṇayā́ṃcakrā́the	ग॒ण॒यांच॑कृ॒ध्वे gaṇayā́ṃcakṛdhvé
First	ग॒ण॒यामास॑ / ग॒ण॒यांच॒कर॑ gaṇayā́mā́sa / gaṇayā́ṃcakára	ग॒ण॒यामा॑सि॒व / ग॒ण॒यांच॑कृ॒व gaṇayā́māsivá / gaṇayā́ṃcakṛvá	ग॒ण॒यामा॑सि॒म / ग॒ण॒यांच॑कृ॒म gaṇayā́māsimá / gaṇayā́ṃcakṛmá	ग॒ण॒यांच॒क्रे gaṇayā́ṃcakré	ग॒ण॒यांच॑कृ॒वहे॑ gaṇayā́ṃcakṛváhe	ग॒ण॒यांच॑कृ॒महे॑ gaṇayā́ṃcakṛmáhe
Participles
	ग॒ण॒यामा॑सि॒वांस् / ग॒ण॒यांच॑कृ॒वांस् gaṇayā́māsivā́ṃs / gaṇayā́ṃcakṛvā́ṃs			ग॒ण॒यांच॑क्रा॒ण gaṇayā́ṃcakrāṇá

Descendants

Dardic:
- Dameli: gaṇ
- Kalami: gän
- Kashmiri: [script needed] (gaṇṇo)
- → Proto-Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: gäṇ
  - Waigali: gaṇ
Pali: gaṇeti
Prakrit: 𑀕𑀡𑁂𑀇 (gaṇei), 𑀕𑀡𑀇 (gaṇaï), 𑀕𑀺𑀡𑁂𑀇 (giṇei) (see there for further descendants)
→ Tamil: கணி (kaṇi)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “गणयति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 342.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ganayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 213