هو

See also: Appendix:Variations of "hu"

Arabic

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Arabic) IPA(key): /hu.wa/
    • (pausa) IPA(key): /hu.wah/ or IPA(key): /huː/
    • (with a preceding وَ (wa) or فَ (fa)) IPA(key): /wa.hu.wa/, IPA(key): /wah.wa/, IPA(key): /fa.hu.wa/, IPA(key): /fah.wa/
  • Audio:(file)

Etymology 1

    Inherited from Proto-Semitic *šuʔa.

    Pronoun

    هُوَ • (huwam (genitive ـهُ (-hu) or ـهِ (-hi), accusative ـهُ (-hu) or ـهِ (-hi) or إِيَّاهُ (ʔiyyāhu))

    1. he (subject pronoun)
      1. (Sufism) Allah, God
    2. it (subject pronoun, referring to inanimate nouns of masculine gender)
    3. having a copulative effect, usually inserted when both the مُبْتَدَأ (mubtadaʔ) and خَبَر (ḵabar) are definite.
      اَلْوَقْت هُوَ اَلْمَال.
      al-waqt huwa l-māl.
      Time is money.
    4. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
      • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:96:
        وَمَا هُوَ بِمُزَحْزِحِهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ أَن يُعَمَّرَ
        wamā huwa bimuzaḥziḥihi mina l-ʕaḏābi ʔan yuʕammara
        But even if they were to live that long, it would not save them from the punishment.
    Further reading

    See also

    Arabic personal pronouns
    Isolated nominative1 pronouns
    singular dual plural
    1st person أَنَا (ʔanā) نَحْنُ (naḥnu)
    2nd person m أَنْتَ (ʔanta) أَنْتُمَا (ʔantumā) أَنْتُمْ (ʔantum), أَنْتُمُ (ʔantumu)2
    f أَنْتِ (ʔanti) أَنْتُنَّ (ʔantunna)
    3rd person m هُوَ (huwa) هُمَا (humā) هُمْ (hum), هُمُ (humu)2
    f هِيَ (hiya) هُنَّ (hunna)
    Isolated accusative pronouns
    singular dual plural
    1st person إِيَّايَ (ʔiyyāya) إِيَّانَا (ʔiyyānā)
    2nd person m إِيَّاكَ (ʔiyyāka) إِيَّاكُمَا (ʔiyyākumā) إِيَّاكُم (ʔiyyākum), إِيَّاكُمُ (ʔiyyākumu)2
    f إِيَّاكِ (ʔiyyāki) إِيَّاكُنَّ (ʔiyyākunna)
    3rd person m إِيَّاهُ (ʔiyyāhu) إِيَّاهُمَا (ʔiyyāhumā) إِيَّاهُمْ (ʔiyyāhum), إِيَّاهُمُ (ʔiyyāhumu)2
    f إِيَّاهَا (ʔiyyāhā) إِيَّاهُنَّ (ʔiyyāhunna)
    Enclitic accusative and genitive pronouns
    singular dual plural
    1st person ـنِي (-nī), ـنِيَ (-niya), ـي (-y), ـيَ (-ya)3 ـنَا (-nā)
    2nd person m ـكَ (-ka) ـكُمَا (-kumā) ـكُم (-kum), ـكُمُ (-kumu)2
    f ـكِ (-ki) ـكُنَّ (-kunna)
    3rd person m ـهُ (-hu), ـهِ (-hi)4 ـهُمَا (-humā), ـهِمَا (-himā)4 ـهُم (-hum), ـهُمُ (-humu)2, ـهِم (-him)4, ـهِمِ (-himi)2,4
    f ـهَا (-hā) ـهُنَّ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ (-hinna)4

    1. Also used to emphasize attached pronouns and as a copula.
    2. ـمْ (-m) becomes ـمُ (-mu) (or ـمِ (-mi) with vowel harmony) before the so-called elidable hamza (such as the definite article الـ (al--)).
    3. Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, me) is attached to verbs, but ـِي () or ـيَ (-ya, my) is attached to nouns. In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـِي () is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي () or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)).
    4. Vowel harmony: ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, , or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, , -u, , -aw).

    Etymology 2

    From هُوَ (huwa, it), calqued from German Es, possibly through Latin id.

    Noun

    هُوَ • (huwam

    1. (psychology) id
    Declension
    Declension of noun هُوَ (huwa)
    singular singular invariable
    indefinite definite construct
    informal هُوَ
    huwa
    الْهُوَ
    al-huwa
    هُوَ
    huwa
    nominative هُوَ
    huwa
    الْهُوَ
    al-huwa
    هُوَ
    huwa
    accusative هُوَ
    huwa
    الْهُوَ
    al-huwa
    هُوَ
    huwa
    genitive هُوَ
    huwa
    الْهُوَ
    al-huwa
    هُوَ
    huwa

    References

    • Wehr, Hans (1979), “هو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

    Bakhtiari

    Etymology

    From Old Persian 𐏃𐎠𐎢𐎺 (hauv), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *só (name). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀 (ha).

    Noun

    هو (ho)

    1. he, that
      هو کجه بی؟ho kojeh bi?Where was he?

    Chadian Arabic

    Etymology

    From Arabic هُوَ (huwa).

    Pronoun

    هو • (m

    1. he (subject pronoun)

    Egyptian Arabic

    Etymology

    From Arabic هُوَ (huwa).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈhowwæ/

    Pronoun

    هو • (húwwam

    1. he (subject pronoun)

    See also

    Egyptian Arabic personal pronouns
    singular plural
    1st person أنا (ʔana) إحنا (ʔiḥna)
    2nd person m إنت (ʔinta) إنتوا (ʔintu)
    f إنتي (ʔinti)
    3rd person m هو (huwwa) هم (humma, hum)
    f هي (hiyya)

    Hijazi Arabic

    Etymology

    From Arabic هُوَ (huwa).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /huw.wa/

    Pronoun

    هو • (huwwam, enclitic form ـه (-u).

    1. he (subject pronoun)
    2. it (subject pronoun, referring to animals and inanimate nouns of masculine gender)

    See also

    Hijazi Arabic personal pronouns
    Singular Plural
    1st person أَنَا (ʔana) إِحْنَا (ʔiḥna) / نِحْنَ (niḥna)
    2nd person m إِنْتَ (ʔinta) إِنْتُو (ʔintu)
    f إِنْتِ (ʔinti) / إِنْتِي (ʔinti)
    3rd person m هُوَّ (huwwa) هُمَّ (humma)
    f هِيَّ (hiyya)

    Khalaj

    Noun

    هَو (həv) (definite accusative هَوی, plural هَولَر)

    1. Arabic spelling of həv (house)

    Declension

    Declension of هو
    singular plural
    nominative هو هولَر
    genitive هوۆݧ هولَریݧ
    dative هوکه هولَرکه
    definite accusative هوۆ هولَری
    locative هوچه هولَرچه
    ablative هوده هولَرده
    instrumental هوله هولَرله
    equative هوواره هولَرواره

    Moroccan Arabic

    Etymology

    From Arabic هُوَ (huwa).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /huw.wa/

    Pronoun

    هو • (huwwam

    1. he (subject pronoun)

    See also

    Moroccan Arabic personal pronouns
    1st person آنا (ʔāna), أنا (ʔana) حنا (ḥnā)
    2nd person m انت (ntā), انتينا (ntīna), انتين (ntīn) انتوما (ntūma), انتوم (ntūm)
    f انت (ntī), انتينا (ntīna), انتين (ntīn)
    3rd person m هو (huwwa) هوما (hūma), هوم (hūm)
    f هي (hiyya)

    North Levantine Arabic

    Etymology

      Conventionally derived from Arabic هُوَ (huwa, he). See below for more detail.

      The gemination of the w was likely a regular development of semivowels, seen also in هِيِّي (hiyye, she) from Arabic هِيَ (hiya); other examples include مِيِّة (miyye, hundred) from Arabic مِئَة (miʔa) (via an intermediate ungeminated *مِيَة (*miya, hundred)), رِيِّة (riyye, lung) from Arabic رِئَة (riʔa), and possibly لِيِّة (liyye, tail fat of a sheep) from Arabic أَلْيَة (ʔalya).

      This innovated gemination is difficult to determine the extent of due to its occasionally affecting non-semivowels as well — see قِجِّة (ʔijje, piggy bank), هِنِّي (hinne, they), and regionally in Mount Lebanon جِهَّة (jihha, side), لِغَّة (liḡḡa, language)[1] — but it seems to have affected semivowels most regularly, with the Mount Lebanon forms being an unrelated later shift that affected gutturals and the gemination in هِنِّي (hinne, they) also being a later analogical reshaping to match it to the shape of the other third-person pronouns.

      Pronoun

      هو • (huwwem

      1. he (subject pronoun)
        Enclitic form: ـه (-o/-h)

      Derived terms

      See also

      North Levantine Arabic personal pronouns
      Singular Plural
      1st person أنا (ʔana) نحنا (niḥna)
      2nd person m انت (ʔinta, ʔinte) انتو (ʔintu)
      f انتي (ʔinti)
      3rd person m هو (huwwe) هن (hinne) / هنن (hinnen)
      f هي (hiyye)

      References

      1. ^
        2021 April 2, @henrizaq, “Archived copy”, in Twitter[1], archived from the original on 2 April 2021:
        B el legga el lebneniyye menċuul Raaxu n nees, n nees ma mɔun, ċaweeɔed el legga l lebneniyye rax ebċa encru.
        [باللِغَّة اللبنانية منقول راحوا الناس، الناس ما معون، قواعد اللِغَّة اللبنانية رح إبقى إنشرو.]
        bel-leḡḡa l-lebnēniyye menʔūl rāḥu n-nēs, n-nēs ma m(ᵃ)ʕun, ʔawēʕed l-leḡḡa l-lebnēniyye raḥ ʔebʔa ʔenšru.
        In the Lebanese language we say Raaxu n nees (rāḥu n-nēs, The people went, راحوا الناس), n nees ma mɔun (n-nēs ma m(ᵃ)ʕun, The people don't have, الناس ما معون), I'll share the grammar of the Lebanese language eventually
        This user wrote in a variant of Said Akl's alphabet, where gemination is observed faithfully alongside other phonemic or phonetic details like the [u] in mɔun, meaning that the doubled letter in legga is to be taken as a reliable indicator of gemination. The user also used the spelling jehha (side) in other Tweets, but conversely spelled sene (year) and dara (corn, with /a/) without gemination.

      Pashto

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ho/
      • (Northeastern) IPA(key): /ɑo/

      Adverb

      هو • (ho)

      1. yes

      Persian

      Etymology

      Probably dialectal variant of هبر (habar, pus), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap-; cognate with English sap. Compare Central Kurdish ھەو (hew, pus, inflammation).

      Noun

      هو • (how)

      1. pus

      Descendants

      • Middle Armenian: հու (hu) (possibly)

      References

      • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “هو”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
      • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979), “հու”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
      • Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 421

      Sindhi

      Etymology

      (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

      Pronunciation

      Pronoun

      هُو • () (Devanagari हू)

      1. he, that; masculine third-person singular distal personal pronoun
      2. they, those; third-person plural distal personal pronoun
      Sindhi personal pronouns
      person direct oblique genitive dative
      1st person Singular آئون (āū̃), مان (mā̃)आउं, मां مون (mū̃)मूं منهنجو (mũhinjo)मुंहिंजो مون کي (mū̃ khē)मूं खे
      Plural اسين (asī̃)असीं اسان (asā̃)असां اسان جو (asā̃ jo)असां जो اسان کي (asā̃ khe)असां खे
      2nd person Singular تون (tū̃)तूं تو (to)तो تنهنجو (tũhinjo)तुंहिंजो تو کي (to khe)तो खे
      Plural توهين (tavhī̃), اوهين (avhī̃)तव्हीं, अव्हीं توهان (tavhā̃), اوهان (avhā̃)तव्हां, अव्हां توهان جو (tavhā̃ jo)तव्हां जो توهان کي (tavhā̃ khe)तव्हां खे
      3rd person Nonspecific Proximal Singular Masculine هي ()ही هن (hina)हिन هن جو (hina jo)हिन जो هن کي (hina khe)हिन खे
      Feminine هيء (hīa)हीअ
      Plural هي ()ही هنن (hinani)हिननि هنن جو (hinani jo)हिननि जो هنن کي (hinani khe)हिननि खे
      Distal Singular Masculine هو ()हू هن (huna)हुन هن جو (huna jo)हुन जो هن کي (huna khe)हुन खे
      Feminine هوء (hūa)हूअ
      Plural هو ()हू هنن (hunani)हुननि هنن جو (hunani jo)हुननि जो هنن کي (hunani khe)हुननि खे
      Specific Proximal Singular Masculine اهو (iho)इहो انهين (inhẽ)इन्हें انهين جو (inhẽ jo)इन्हें जो انهين کي (inhẽ khe)इन्हें खे
      Feminine اها (ihā)इहा
      Plural اهي (ihe)इहे انهن (inhani)इन्हनि انهن جو (inhani jo)इन्हनि जो انهن کي (inhani khe)इन्हनि खे
      Distal Singular Masculine اهو (uho)उहो انهين (unhẽ)उन्हें انهين جو (unhẽ jo)उन्हें जो انهين کي (unhẽ khe)उन्हें खे
      Feminine اها (uhā)उहा
      Plural اهي (uhe)उहे انهن (unhani)उन्हनि انهن جو (unhani jo)उन्हनि जो انهن کي (unhani khe)उन्हनि खे

      References

      • Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988), “هُو”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ
      • Trumpp, Ernest (1872), Grammar Of The Sindhi Language[2], London, United Kingdom: Order of Her Majesty's Government for India, pages 198-199

      Soqotri

      Alternative forms

      • هوهن (hóhon)

      Etymology

      Akin to Mehri [script needed] (), Shehri [script needed] (he).

      Pronoun

      هو (ho)

      1. I. first-person singular pronoun
        • 2014, “The Story of the Makon”, in Vitaly Naumkin, compiler, Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 1, page 66, line 12:
          عٞامٞر: دمنؤو أه؟ عامُر: هو رجدهي
          ʕémər di-mənóʔo ɛ ʕö́mor ho rígdihi
          They asked: "Where are you from?" He said: "I am from Rigdiho."

      References

      • Naumkin, Vitaly; et al. (2014), “Glossary”, in Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 1, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 549
      • Naumkin, Vitaly; et al. (2018), “Glossary”, in Corpus of Soqotri Oral Literature, volume 2, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 470
      • Leslau, Wolf (1938), “ho”, in Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 138

      South Levantine Arabic

      Etymology

      From Arabic هُوَ (huwa).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /huw.we/, [ˈhʊw.we]
      • Audio (Jerusalem):(file)

      Pronoun

      هو • (huwwem (enclitic form ـه (-o, -h))

      1. he (third-person masculine singular subject pronoun)

      See also

      South Levantine Arabic personal pronouns
      Singular Plural
      1st person أنا (ʔana) احنا (ʔiḥna)
      2nd person m انت (ʔinta) انتو (ʔintu)
      f انتي (ʔinti)
      3rd person m هو (huwwe) هم (homme)
      f هي (hiyye)

      Tunisian Arabic

      Pronoun

      هُوَّ (huwwam (f هي, pl هما)

      1. he (subject pronoun)