iri

See also: Appendix:Variations of "iri"

Languages (21)

Azerbaijani • Esperanto • Fijian • Garifuna • Igbo • Indonesian • Inupiaq • Japanese • Javanese • Kakanda • Latin • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nyishi • Sranan Tongo • Sumerian • Tagalog • Tarifit • Tashelhit • Turkish • Yoruba

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Irigwe.

Symbol

iri

(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Rigwe.

Azerbaijani

Other scripts
Cyrillic		ири
Arabic		ايرى

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *idrig. Cognate with Ottoman Turkish ايرى (iri), Karakhanid [script needed] (irig), Turkish iri, Gagauz iiri, Bashkir эре (ere). Probably cognate with Hungarian öreg, a Turkic borrowing.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [iˈri]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: i‧ri

Adjective

iri (comparative daha iri, superlative ən iri)

large
Synonym: böyük
coarse (composed of large parts or particles)

Antonyms

xırda

Derived terms

irimiqyaslı (“large-scale”)

Descendants

→ Lezgi: ири (iri)

References

Orucov, Əliheydər, editor (2006), “iri”, in Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language]‎^[1] (in Azerbaijani), 2nd edition, volume 2, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, page 569

Esperanto

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin īre (“to go”).^[1]^[2] Compare obsolete Italian gire, ire, Portuguese and Spanish ir, Romanian ii.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈiri/
Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Audio 3: (file)
Rhymes: -iri
Syllabification: i‧ri

Verb

iri (present iras, past iris, future iros, conditional irus, volitive iru)

(intransitive) to go
Mi iris al Novjorko per trajno.
I went to New York City by train.
- 2025 September 29, Jorge Nogueras, “La plej mallonga tago”, in uea.facila‎^[2], archived from the original on 12 December 2025:
  Nu, unu tagon oni vokis min por ke mi iru tuj al la malsanulejo, ĉar mia sesjara filino trafiĝis je terura trafik-akcidento.
  Well, one day they called me so that I go immediately to the hospital, because my six-year old daughter got caught in a terrible traffic accident.

Conjugation

Conjugation of iri
		singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
		present		past		future
tense		iras		iris		iros
active participle		iranta	irantaj	irinta	irintaj	ironta	irontaj
active participle	acc.	irantan	irantajn	irintan	irintajn	irontan	irontajn
nominal active participle		iranto	irantoj	irinto	irintoj	ironto	irontoj
nominal active participle	acc.	iranton	irantojn	irinton	irintojn	ironton	irontojn
adverbial active participle		irante		irinte		ironte

		infinitive	iri	imperative	iru	conditional	irus

Derived terms

adjectives

alirebla (“approachable”)
senelira (“unleavable”)

nouns

ĉieliro (“Ascension”)
eliro (“the act of exiting, leaving”)
enirejo (“entrance”)
eniro (“the act of entering”)
foriro (“departue”)
irado (“voyage, trip, act of going; manner, way of acting”)
iro (“trip, course, run, going”)
irvojo (“walkway”)
senelirejo (“dead end”)
trairejo (“passage, corridor”)
transiro (“transition”)

verbs

aliri (“to approach”)
antaŭiri (“to precede”)
ĉirkaŭiri (“to go around”)
ekiri (“to set out”)
eliri (“to exit”)
eniri (“to enter”)
foriri (“to leave”)
iraĉi (“to go badly”)
iradi (“to go repeatedly or for a while”)
malsupreniri (“to descend”)
piediri (“to walk”)
preteriri (“to pass by”)
reeniri (“to reenter”)
reiri (“to return”)
retroiri (“to go back”)
rondiri (“to go around”)
subiri (“to set”) (of a heavenly body)
supreniri (“to ascend”)
ŝteliri (“to sneak”)
trairi (“to traverse”)
transiri (“to cross”)

References

^ André Cherpillod, “iri”, in Konciza Etimologia Vortaro [Concise Etymological Dictionary], →ISBN
^ Ebbe Vilborg, “iri”, in Etimologia Vortaro de Esperanto [Etymological Dictionary of Esperanto], volume 2, →ISBN, pages 107-108

Fijian

Noun

iri

fan (device)

Verb

iri (iri-va, iriva)

to fan

Garifuna

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈiri/

Noun

iri

name
Ka biri? ― What's your name?

Nibiri bei John. ― My name is John.

Inflection

Possessives of *iri*
	singular		plural
first	niri		wiri
second	biri		hiri
third	masculine	feminine	hiri
third	liri	tiri	hiri

Igbo

**Igbo numbers ^(edit)**
		100
← 1	← 9	10	11 →	20 →
		1
Cardinal: ìri Ordinal: ǹke īri

Numeral

ìri

ten

Indonesian

Noun

iri

envy

Inupiaq

Etymology

From Proto-Inuit *ǝžǝ, from Proto-Eskimo *ǝðǝ. Cognate with Inuktitut ᐃᔨ (iyi), Greenlandic isi.

Noun

iri (dual irrak, plural irrit)

(anatomy) eye

Japanese

Romanization

iri

Rōmaji transcription of いり

Javanese

Noun

iri

envy

Kakanda

Noun

iri

water

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈiː.riː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈiː.ri]

Verb

īrī

present passive infinitive of eō

Usage notes

When īrī immediately follows the supine form of a Latin verb in an accusative and infinitive clause (indirect statement), the resulting phrase is the future passive infinitive form of that verb:

Vidēbat reum absolūtum īrī.^[1] ― He saw that the defendant was going to be acquitted.

References

^ Cic. Verr. II 2,74

“iri”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“iri”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Adjective

iri

(non-standard since 2012) neuter of iren
(non-standard since 2012) feminine of iren

Nyishi

Alternative forms

irik, erek

Etymology

i- (“noun prefix”) +‎ Proto-Tani *rjek.

Noun

iri

pig

References

P. T. Abraham (2005), A Grammar of Nyishi Language‎^[7], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Probably a borrowing from Dutch hiel. The other creole languages have terms corresponding to bakafutu.

Noun

iri

heel
Synonym: bakafutu

Sumerian

Romanization

iri

romanization of 𒌷 (iri)

Tagalog

Alternative forms

yri — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling
ire — colloquial

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog)
- IPA^(key): /ʔiˈɾi/ [ʔɪˈɾɪ]
  - Rhymes: -i
- IPA^(key): /ˈʔiɾi/ [ˈʔiː.ɾɪ] (obsolete)
Syllabification: i‧ri

Noun

irí (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ)

push (act of tensing the muscles of the abdomen in order to expel its contents such as when giving childbirth or defecating)
Synonym: dagis

Derived terms

ikairi
iri-iri
irihin
mairi
mapag-iri
mapairi
pag-iri
pairihin
umiri

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-di (“that, there”).

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔiˈɾi/ [ʔɪˈɾɪ]
Rhymes: -i
Syllabification: i‧ri

Pronoun

irí (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ) (dialectal)

this one; this
Synonyms: (Manila) ito, (Central Luzon) ari

Ano ba iri? ― What is this?

Alternative forms

idi
yiri — obsolete

Related terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔiˈɾiʔ/ [ʔɪˈɾɪʔ]
Rhymes: -iʔ
Syllabification: i‧ri

Noun

irî (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ) (obsolete)

act of irritating the children
inciting foolish things

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈʔiɾiʔ/ [ˈʔiː.ɾɪʔ]
Rhymes: -iɾiʔ
Syllabification: i‧ri

Noun

irì (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ) (obsolete)

delay; postponement; prolongation

Derived terms

iri-iri
magpairi-iri
mairi

Tarifit

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

iri m (plural irawen, Tifinagh spelling ⵉⵔⵉ)

neck

Declension

Inflection of **iri**
	singular	plural
free state	iri	irawen
annexed state	yiri	yirawen

Tashelhit

Etymology

Inherited from Medieval Tashelhit [script needed] (er, “to love, to want”), from Proto-Berber *irβiʔ^[1].

Cognate with Ghadames əβr (“to want”), Tamasheq erh, ărhu (“to love, to want”), Senhaja de Srair arr (“to love, to want”), Zenaga īri (“to want, to prefer”), Tamahaq er (“to love, to want”), Tetserret ar (“to want”). Within Pan-Berber, compare Guanche güiro (“relationships between men and women”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /iri/

Verb

iri (intensive aorist ttiri, verbal noun tayri, Tifinagh spelling ⵉⵔⵉ, Arabic spelling ايري)

to want
تاڭوري يلّان واتيڭ نّس، اورت يري يان.
taguri illan watig nns, ur t iri yan
a word of value, no one wants it.
to love
آر كم باهرا تّيريغ. ― ar km bahra ttiriġ. ― i love you so much.

Derived terms

anmiri (“lover”)
anmiri yixf nns (“egoist”)
tayri (“love”)

References

^ The Reconstruction of Proto-Berber 'to say', reconstructing the iCiC Light Verbs and the reflexes of Pre-Proto-Berber *w

Stroomer, Harry (2025), Dictionnaire berbère tachelḥiyt-français — Tome 2 f—l (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 188/2) (in French), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 1137a

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ایری (iri), from Proto-Turkic *idrig, see Azerbaijani iri for more.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /iˈɾi/
Audio: (file)

Adjective

iri

large
(of grains or particles) coarse

References

Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “iri”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Probably cognate with Igala élì and Olukumi èrìrì

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ì.ɾì/

Noun

ìrì

dew

Etymology 2

ì- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ rí (“to see”)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ì.ꜜɾí/

Noun

ìrí

the act of seeing, sighting, or discovering
(idiomatic) experience; sight

[1] André Cherpillod, “iri”, in Konciza Etimologia Vortaro [Concise Etymological Dictionary], →ISBN

[2] Ebbe Vilborg, “iri”, in Etimologia Vortaro de Esperanto [Etymological Dictionary of Esperanto], volume 2, →ISBN, pages 107-108

[3] Cic. Verr. II 2,74

[4] The Reconstruction of Proto-Berber 'to say', reconstructing the iCiC Light Verbs and the reflexes of Pre-Proto-Berber *w

[1]

[2]

[1]

[1]

	Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)	Locative (nasa)	Existential	Manner (gaya ng)
Near speaker*	ari/are, iri/ire/idi, yari**	nari/nare, niri/nire/nidi, niyari^†	dini/dine	nandini, narini, nairi/naidi, naari	ere/eri, here/heri, ayri	ganari, ganiri, garini(garni), gayari^†
Near speaker and listener*	ito	nito	dito	nandito, narito, naito**	heto, eto, ayto^†	ganito, garito(garto)**
Near listener	iyan, yaan	niyan	diyan/diyaan	nandiyan/nandiyaan, nariyan(naryan), nayan/nayaan**, naiyan^‡	hayan, ayan	ganiyan(ganyan), gay-an, gariyan
Remote	iyon, yoon, yaon^†	niyon, noon, niyaon^†	doon	nandoon, naron/naroon, nayon/nayoon, nayaon^‡	hayon/hayun, ayon/ayun	ganoon, gayon, gay-on, gayoon^‡,garoon^‡
These two series have merged in modern Tagalog. The first row is used in some dialects, the second row is used anywhere else. *These pronouns are used in some dialects. ^†These pronouns are not commonly used in casual speech but more prevalent in literature. ^‡Rare in text.

Translingual

Etymology

Symbol

See also

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

Antonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Esperanto

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Fijian

Noun

Verb

Garifuna

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Igbo

Numeral

Indonesian

Noun

Inupiaq

Etymology

Noun

Japanese

Romanization

Javanese

Noun

Kakanda

Noun

Further reading

Latin

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Adjective

Nyishi

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

References

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Noun

Sumerian

Romanization

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Alternative forms

Related terms

See also

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Further reading

Tarifit

Etymology