apu

See also: Appendix:Variations of "apu"
Languages (22)
Translingual
Ao • Asturian • Batui • Borong • Chamorro • Finnish • Hungarian • Ingrian • Kapampangan • Karelian • Limos Kalinga • Megleno-Romanian • Meriam • Pamona • Pitjantjatjara • Ponosakan • Quechua • Saluan • Sundanese • Tokelauan • Uma
Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

apu

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Apurinã.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Apurinã terms

Ao

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Central Naga *phu.

    Pronunciation

    • (Chungli) IPA(key): /a˧.pu˧/, [a˧.pu˧]

    Verb

    apu

    1. to blow
    Inflection
    Inflection of apu (Chungli)
    Affirmative Negative
    Past Simple apu mapu
    Perfect apuogo mapuogo
    Present Simple apur mapur
    Progressive apudar
    apudagi    		 mapudar
    mapudagi
    Future/infinitive aputsü maputsü
    Imperative apuang tapu
    Present participle apua mapui
    Conditional apura
    apurabang    		 mapura
    mapurabang

    Etymology 2

      From Proto-Central Naga *pu(ʔ), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *puʔ (“to carry on shoulders”).

      Pronunciation

      • (Chungli) IPA(key): /a˧.pu˧/, [a˧.pu˧]

      Verb

      apu

      1. (Chungli) to carry on the shoulders
      Inflection
      Inflection of apu (Chungli)
      Affirmative Negative
      Past Simple apu mapu
      Perfect apuogo mapuogo
      Present Simple apur mapur
      Progressive apudar
      apudagi      		 mapudar
      mapudagi
      Future/infinitive aputsü maputsü
      Imperative apuang tapu
      Present participle apua mapui
      Conditional apura
      apurabang      		 mapura
      mapurabang

      Further reading

      • Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎[1], Berkeley: University of California, pages 49-50, 196
      • Gowda, K. S. Gurubasave (1985), Ao-English-Hindi Dictionary, Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, page 8
      • Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 97

      Asturian

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈapu/ [ˈa.pu]
      • Rhymes: -apu
      • Syllabification: a‧pu

      Noun

      apu m (uncountable)

      1. alternative form of afu

      Batui

      Etymology

      From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈʔapu/

      Noun

      apu

      1. fire

      Further reading

      • David Mead, Edy Pasanda, An Initial Appreciation of the Dialect Situation in Saluan and Batui (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia) (2015)

      Borong

      Noun

      apu

      1. water

      References

      Chamorro

      Etymology

      From Pre-Chamorro *ʔapu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ɑ.pu/

      Noun

      apu

      1. ash (solid remains of a fire)

      Finnish

      Etymology

      From Proto-Finnic *apu.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈɑpu/, [ˈɑ̝pu]
      • Rhymes: -ɑpu
      • Syllabification(key): a‧pu
      • Hyphenation(key): apu

      Noun

      apu

      1. help, aid, assistance, relief, succour [with illative ‘with a thing’ or inessive ‘with a task’ or (genitive +) kanssa]
        Apua! ― Help!
        jonkin avulla ― with the help of something / using something
      2. (in expressions) helping hand, one who helps
      3. remedy, relief (something that provides a removal of stress or discomfort)
      4. (as a modifier in compounds) auxiliary, assistant, assisting, accessory, ancillary
        apukone ― auxiliary engine
        apumoottori ― auxiliary engine
        aputyöntekijä ― assistant worker
        apuhenkilökunta ― assisting personnel

      Declension

      Inflection of apu (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation)
      nominative apu avut
      genitive avun apujen
      partitive apua apuja
      illative apuun apuihin
      singular plural
      nominative apu avut
      accusative nom. apu avut
      gen. avun
      genitive avun apujen
      partitive apua apuja
      inessive avussa avuissa
      elative avusta avuista
      illative apuun apuihin
      adessive avulla avuilla
      ablative avulta avuilta
      allative avulle avuille
      essive apuna apuina
      translative avuksi avuiksi
      abessive avutta avuitta
      instructive — avuin
      comitative See the possessive forms below.
      Possessive forms of apu (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation)
      first-person singular possessor
      singular plural
      nominative apuni apuni
      accusative nom. apuni apuni
      gen. apuni
      genitive apuni apujeni
      partitive apuani apujani
      inessive avussani avuissani
      elative avustani avuistani
      illative apuuni apuihini
      adessive avullani avuillani
      ablative avultani avuiltani
      allative avulleni avuilleni
      essive apunani apuinani
      translative avukseni avuikseni
      abessive avuttani avuittani
      instructive — —
      comitative — apuineni
      second-person singular possessor
      singular plural
      nominative apusi apusi
      accusative nom. apusi apusi
      gen. apusi
      genitive apusi apujesi
      partitive apuasi apujasi
      inessive avussasi avuissasi
      elative avustasi avuistasi
      illative apuusi apuihisi
      adessive avullasi avuillasi
      ablative avultasi avuiltasi
      allative avullesi avuillesi
      essive apunasi apuinasi
      translative avuksesi avuiksesi
      abessive avuttasi avuittasi
      instructive — —
      comitative — apuinesi
      first-person plural possessor
      singular plural
      nominative apumme apumme
      accusative nom. apumme apumme
      gen. apumme
      genitive apumme apujemme
      partitive apuamme apujamme
      inessive avussamme avuissamme
      elative avustamme avuistamme
      illative apuumme apuihimme
      adessive avullamme avuillamme
      ablative avultamme avuiltamme
      allative avullemme avuillemme
      essive apunamme apuinamme
      translative avuksemme avuiksemme
      abessive avuttamme avuittamme
      instructive — —
      comitative — apuinemme
      second-person plural possessor
      singular plural
      nominative apunne apunne
      accusative nom. apunne apunne
      gen. apunne
      genitive apunne apujenne
      partitive apuanne apujanne
      inessive avussanne avuissanne
      elative avustanne avuistanne
      illative apuunne apuihinne
      adessive avullanne avuillanne
      ablative avultanne avuiltanne
      allative avullenne avuillenne
      essive apunanne apuinanne
      translative avuksenne avuiksenne
      abessive avuttanne avuittanne
      instructive — —
      comitative — apuinenne
      third-person possessor
      singular plural
      nominative apunsa apunsa
      accusative nom. apunsa apunsa
      gen. apunsa
      genitive apunsa apujensa
      partitive apuaan
      apuansa       		apujaan
      apujansa
      inessive avussaan
      avussansa       		avuissaan
      avuissansa
      elative avustaan
      avustansa       		avuistaan
      avuistansa
      illative apuunsa apuihinsa
      adessive avullaan
      avullansa       		avuillaan
      avuillansa
      ablative avultaan
      avultansa       		avuiltaan
      avuiltansa
      allative avulleen
      avullensa       		avuilleen
      avuillensa
      essive apunaan
      apunansa       		apuinaan
      apuinansa
      translative avukseen
      avuksensa       		avuikseen
      avuiksensa
      abessive avuttaan
      avuttansa       		avuittaan
      avuittansa
      instructive — —
      comitative — apuineen
      apuinensa

      Derived terms

      adjectives
      interjections
      nouns
      verbs
      compounds
      idioms

      Further reading

      Anagrams

      Hungarian

      Etymology

      From apa (“father”) +‎ -u (diminutive suffix).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [ˈɒpu]
      • Hyphenation: apu
      • Rhymes: -pu

      Noun

      apu

      1. dad

      Declension

      Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
      singular plural
      nominative apu apuk
      accusative aput apukat
      dative apunak apuknak
      instrumental apuval apukkal
      causal-final apuért apukért
      translative apuvá apukká
      terminative apuig apukig
      essive-formal apuként apukként
      essive-modal — —
      inessive apuban apukban
      superessive apun apukon
      adessive apunál apuknál
      illative apuba apukba
      sublative apura apukra
      allative apuhoz apukhoz
      elative apuból apukból
      delative apuról apukról
      ablative aputól apuktól
      non-attributive
      possessive – singular       		apué apuké
      non-attributive
      possessive – plural       		apuéi apukéi
      Possessive forms of apu
      possessor single possession multiple possessions
      1st person sing. apum apuim
      2nd person sing. apud apuid
      3rd person sing. apuja apui
      1st person plural apunk apuink
      2nd person plural aputok apuitok
      3rd person plural apujuk apuik

      Derived terms

      • apuka

      Further reading

      • apu in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
      • apu in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

      Ingrian

      Etymology

      From Proto-Finnic *apu. Cognates include Finnish apu and Veps abu.

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      apu

      1. synonym of api
        • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 109:
          Hää oli prostoist vanhemmist, varraa jäi vanhemmist i suureel vaivaal vanhemman veljän avul sai itsellee obrazovanjan.
          He had simple parents, lost [his] parents early on and with big difficulty with the help of his older brother got himself an education.

      Declension

      Declension of apu (type 4/koivu, p-v gradation, gemination)
      singular plural
      nominative apu avut
      genitive avun appuin, apuloin
      partitive appua apuja, apuloja
      illative appuu appui, apuloihe
      inessive avus avuis, apulois
      elative avust avuist, apuloist
      allative avulle avuille, apuloille
      adessive avul avuil, apuloil
      ablative avult avuilt, apuloilt
      translative avuks avuiks, apuloiks
      essive apunna, appuun apuinna, apuloinna, appuin, apuloin
      exessive1) apunt apuint, apuloint
      1) obsolete
      *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
      **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

      Derived terms

      References

      • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 2
      • Arvo Laanest (1997), Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 15

      Kapampangan

      Etymology

      From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu, from Proto-Austronesian *apu. Compare Ilocano apo, Tagalog apo, Cebuano apu, Malay empu, and Cebuano umpu. Also possibly from Hokkien 阿婆 (a-pô, “paternal grandmother”).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): (“grandparent”) /ˈapuʔ/ [ˈäː.puʔ]
      • IPA(key): (“grandparent”) /ˈapu/ [ˈäː.pu]
      • IPA(key): (“grandchild”) /əˈpu/ [əˈpu]
      • Hyphenation: a‧pu

      Noun

      ápû or ápu

      1. grandparent
        1. term of address for one's grandparents
      2. term of reference for one's grandmother
      3. title added to saint's names
        Apu Lusya
        Saint Lucy

      See also

      Noun

      apu

      1. grandchild

      References

      • Michael L. Forman (2019), Kapampangan Dictionary‎[3], University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, archived from the original on 29 June 2021, page 11

      Karelian

      Regional variants of apu
      North Karelian
      (Viena)       		apu
      South Karelian
      (Tver)       		abu

      Etymology

      From Proto-Finnic *apu. Cognates include Finnish apu and Veps abu.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈɑpu/
      • Hyphenation: a‧pu

      Noun

      apu (genitive avun, partitive apuo)

      1. (North Karelian) help

      Declension

      Viena Karelian declension of apu (type 1/tyttö, p-v gradation)
      singular plural
      nominative apu avut
      genitive avun apujen
      partitive apuo apuja
      illative apuh apuloih
      inessive avušša apuloissa
      elative avušta apuloista
      adessive avulla apuloilla
      ablative avulta apuloilta
      translative avukši apuloiksi
      essive apuna apuloina
      comitative — apuloineh
      abessive avutta apuloitta
      prolative — —
      instructive — apuloin
      Possessive forms of apu
      1st person apuni
      2nd person apuš
      3rd person apuh
      *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

      References

      • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015), “помощь”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

      Limos Kalinga

      Noun

      apú

      1. grandchild
      2. grandparent

      Megleno-Romanian

      Etymology

      From Latin aqua. Compare Romanian apă, Aromanian apã, Istro-Romanian åpe.

      Noun

      apu

      1. water

      References

      • Theodor Capidan, Dicționar meglenoromân (Megleno-Romanian dictionary)

      Meriam

      Noun

      apu

      1. mother or paternal aunt

      Pamona

      Noun

      apu

      1. fire

      References

      Pitjantjatjara

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [ˈɐpʊ]

      Noun

      apu

      1. stone, rock
      2. mountain, hill
      3. stone tool

      Synonyms

      Ponosakan

      Etymology

      Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ. Cognate of Tagalog apog, Tondano apu.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ʔaˈpu/, [ʔa.ˈpuː][1]

      Noun

      apu

      1. lime (especially when eaten with betel)

      References

      1. ^ J. Akun Danie; F. Rogi Warouw; A. B. G. Rattu; G. Karim Bachmid (1991), Fonologi Bahasa Ponosakan (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa – Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan

      Quechua

      Etymology

      Proto-Quechuan *apu

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈa.pʊ/

      Noun

      apu

      1. (archaic) powerful lord
      2. an earthly guardian deity, represented by a mountain or which lives atop a mountain.

      Declension

      Declension of apu
      singular plural
      nominative apu apukuna
      accusative aputa apukunata
      dative apuman apukunaman
      genitive apup apukunap
      locative apupi apukunapi
      terminative apukama apukunakama
      ablative apumanta apukunamanta
      instrumental apuwan apukunawan
      comitative apuntin apukunantin
      abessive apunnaq apukunannaq
      comparative apuhina apukunahina
      causative apurayku apukunarayku
      benefactive apupaq apukunapaq
      associative apupura apukunapura
      distributive apunka apukunanka
      exclusive apulla apukunalla
      Possessive forms of apu
      ñuqap - first-person singular
      ñuqap (my) singular plural
      nominative apuy apuykuna
      accusative apuyta apuykunata
      dative apuyman apuykunaman
      genitive apuypa apuykunap
      locative apuypi apuykunapi
      terminative apuykama apuykunakama
      ablative apuymanta apuykunamanta
      instrumental apuywan apuykunawan
      comitative apuynintin apuykunantin
      abessive apuyninnaq apuykunannaq
      comparative apuyhina apuykunahina
      causative apuyrayku apuykunarayku
      benefactive apuypaq apuykunapaq
      associative apuypura apuykunapura
      distributive apuyninka apuykunanka
      exclusive apuylla apuykunalla
      qampa - second-person singular
      qampa (your) singular plural
      nominative apuyki apuykikuna
      accusative apuykita apuykikunata
      dative apuykiman apuykikunaman
      genitive apuykipa apuykikunap
      locative apuykipi apuykikunapi
      terminative apuykikama apuykikunakama
      ablative apuykimanta apuykikunamanta
      instrumental apuykiwan apuykikunawan
      comitative apuykintin apuykikunantin
      abessive apuykinnaq apuykikunannaq
      comparative apuykihina apuykikunahina
      causative apuykirayku apuykikunarayku
      benefactive apuykipaq apuykikunapaq
      associative apuykipura apuykikunapura
      distributive apuykinka apuykikunanka
      exclusive apuykilla apuykikunalla
      paypa - third-person singular
      paypa (his/her/its) singular plural
      nominative apun apunkuna
      accusative apunta apunkunata
      dative apunman apunkunaman
      genitive apunpa apunkunap
      locative apunpi apunkunapi
      terminative apunkama apunkunakama
      ablative apunmanta apunkunamanta
      instrumental apunwan apunkunawan
      comitative apunintin apunkunantin
      abessive apunninnaq apunkunannaq
      comparative apunhina apunkunahina
      causative apunrayku apunkunarayku
      benefactive apunpaq apunkunapaq
      associative apunpura apunkunapura
      distributive apuninka apunkunanka
      exclusive apunlla apunkunalla
      ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural
      ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) singular plural
      nominative apunchik apunchikkuna
      accusative apunchikta apunchikkunata
      dative apunchikman apunchikkunaman
      genitive apunchikpa apunchikkunap
      locative apunchikpi apunchikkunapi
      terminative apunchikkama apunchikkunakama
      ablative apunchikmanta apunchikkunamanta
      instrumental apunchikwan apunchikkunawan
      comitative apunchiknintin apunchikkunantin
      abessive apunchikninnaq apunchikkunannaq
      comparative apunchikhina apunchikkunahina
      causative apunchikrayku apunchikkunarayku
      benefactive apunchikpaq apunchikkunapaq
      associative apunchikpura apunchikkunapura
      distributive apunchikninka apunchikkunanka
      exclusive apunchiklla apunchikkunalla
      ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural
      ñuqaykup (our(excl)) singular plural
      nominative apuyku apuykukuna
      accusative apuykuta apuykukunata
      dative apuykuman apuykukunaman
      genitive apuykupa apuykukunap
      locative apuykupi apuykukunapi
      terminative apuykukama apuykukunakama
      ablative apuykumanta apuykukunamanta
      instrumental apuykuwan apuykukunawan
      comitative apuykuntin apuykukunantin
      abessive apuykunnaq apuykukunannaq
      comparative apuykuhina apuykukunahina
      causative apuykurayku apuykukunarayku
      benefactive apuykupaq apuykukunapaq
      associative apuykupura apuykukunapura
      distributive apuykunka apuykukunanka
      exclusive apuykulla apuykukunalla
      qamkunap - second-person plural
      qamkunap (your(pl)) singular plural
      nominative apuykichik apuykichikkuna
      accusative apuykichikta apuykichikkunata
      dative apuykichikman apuykichikkunaman
      genitive apuykichikpa apuykichikkunap
      locative apuykichikpi apuykichikkunapi
      terminative apuykichikkama apuykichikkunakama
      ablative apuykichikmanta apuykichikkunamanta
      instrumental apuykichikwan apuykichikkunawan
      comitative apuykichiknintin apuykichikkunantin
      abessive apuykichikninnaq apuykichikkunannaq
      comparative apuykichikhina apuykichikkunahina
      causative apuykichikrayku apuykichikkunarayku
      benefactive apuykichikpaq apuykichikkunapaq
      associative apuykichikpura apuykichikkunapura
      distributive apuykichikninka apuykichikkunanka
      exclusive apuykichiklla apuykichikkunalla
      paykunap - third-person plural
      paykunap (their) singular plural
      nominative apunku apunkukuna
      accusative apunkuta apunkukunata
      dative apunkuman apunkukunaman
      genitive apunkupa apunkukunap
      locative apunkupi apunkukunapi
      terminative apunkukama apunkukunakama
      ablative apunkumanta apunkukunamanta
      instrumental apunkuwan apunkukunawan
      comitative apunkuntin apunkukunantin
      abessive apunkunnaq apunkukunannaq
      comparative apunkuhina apunkukunahina
      causative apunkurayku apunkukunarayku
      benefactive apunkupaq apunkukunapaq
      associative apunkupura apunkukunapura
      distributive apunkunka apunkukunanka
      exclusive apunkulla apunkukunalla

      Saluan

      Etymology

      From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈʔapuː/

      Noun

      apu

      1. fire

      Further reading

      • David Mead, Edy Pasanda, An Initial Appreciation of the Dialect Situation in Saluan and Batui (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia) (2015)

      Sundanese

      Etymology

      From Old Sundanese apu, from Old Javanese apū, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qapuʀ. Doublet of hapur.

      Noun

      apu (Sundanese script ᮃᮕᮥ)

      1. lime (mineral)

      Derived terms

      • batu apu
      • dibeuleumapukeun
      • meuleum apu
      • pameuleuman apu
      • piapueun

      Further reading

      Tokelauan

      Te apu (1).
      Te apu (2).

      Etymology

      Borrowed from English apple.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): [ˈa.pu]
      • Hyphenation: a‧pu

      Noun

      apu

      1. apple
      2. apple tree (Malus domestica)

      References

      • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[4], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 17

      Uma

      Etymology

      From Proto-Celebic *apuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.

      Noun

      apu

      1. fire
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