Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/apu

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

*api (“help, aid”) +‎ *-u

Noun

*apu

  1. (Northern Finnic) alternative form of *api (“help, aid”)

Inflection

Inflection of *apu
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *apu *abut
accusative *abun *abut
genitive *abun *apudën
*apuidën
partitive *apuda *apuida
inessive *abussa
*abuhna 		*abuissa
*abuihna
elative *abusta *abuista
illative *apuhën *apuihën
adessive *abulla *abuilla
ablative *abulta *abuilta
allative *apulën
*apulëk 		*apuilën
*apuilëk
essive *apuna *apuina
translative *abuksi *abuiksi
instructive *abun *abuin
comitative *apunëk *apuinëk
abessive *abutta *abuitta

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Finnish: apu
  • Ingrian: apu
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: apu
    • South Karelian: abu
  • Livvi: abu
  • Ludian: abu
  • Veps: abu

Further reading

  • Erkki Itkonen, Ulla-Maija Kulonen, editors (1992–2000), “apu”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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