Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъpanъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Iranian via Proto-Scythian *gupа̄nu, from Proto-Iranian *gawpaHā (“shepherd, cowherd”), from *gā́wš (“cow”) +‎ *páHā (“protector”).^[1]

According to Boryś, Sanskrit गोपायति (gopāyati) and गोपा (gopā) are possible cognates, all from a supposed Proto-Indo-European *gewp- (“to hide, protect”), the Slavic word extended with *-anъ.^[2] This is rejected by ESSJa, which prefers the above borrowing theory.

Noun

*gъpanъ m

(West Slavic) ruler, master

Declension

Declension of *gъpanъ (hard o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gъpanъ	*gъpana	*gъpani
genitive	*gъpana	*gъpanu	*gъpanъ
dative	*gъpanu	*gъpanoma	*gъpanomъ
accusative	*gъpanъ	*gъpana	*gъpany
instrumental	gъpanъmь, gъpanomь^*	*gъpanoma	*gъpany
locative	*gъpaně	*gъpanu	*gъpaněxъ
vocative	*gъpane	*gъpana	*gъpani

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*gъpanьji f
*gъpanьna f
*gъpanьskъ
*gъpanьstvo

Descendants

West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hpán, pán
  - Czech: pán, pan
- Old Polish: pan
  - Polish: pan
    - → Lithuanian: põnas
    - → Samogitian: puons
    - → Yiddish: פּאַן (pan)
  - Silesian: pōn
  - → Old East Slavic: панъ (panŭ) (13ᵗʰ c.)
    - Old Ruthenian: панъ (pan) (14ᵗʰ c.)
      - Belarusian: пан (pan)
      - Carpathian Rusyn: пан (pan)
      - Ukrainian: пан (pan)
      - → Middle Russian: панъ (pan) (16ᵗʰ c.)
        Russian: пан (pan)
- Old Slovak: pán
  - Pannonian Rusyn: пан (pan)
  - Slovak: pán
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: pón
  - Slovincian: pón
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: pan
  - Upper Sorbian: pan

References

^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъpanъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 197
^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “pan”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 410

Sławski, Franciszek, editor (2001), “gъpanъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 8 (goda – gyža), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 328
Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1993), “пан”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 8 (не́марач – пая́ць), Minsk: Navuka i technika, →ISBN
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2003), “пан”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 4 (Н – П), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 272
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пан”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[1] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъpanъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 197

[2] Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “pan”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 410

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