Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gawpaHā

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *gā́wš ~ *gáwah (“cow”) +‎ *-paHā (“protector, keeper”), from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂-ō ~ *ph₂-nés, from *peh₂- (“to protect”) +‎ *-ō (agent noun suffix). Similar formation found in Sanskrit गोपा m (gopā́, “shepherd, guardian”).

Noun

*gawpaHā^[1]

shepherd, cowherd

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gawpaHnā	*gawpaHnā(w)	*gawpaHnah
vocative	*gawpaHn	*gawpaHnā(w)	*gawpaHnah
accusative	*gawpaHnam	*gawpaHnā(w)	*gawpaHnah
instrumental	*gawpaHnaH	*gawpaHabʰyā(m)	*gawpaHabʰiš
ablative	*gawpaHnah	*gawpaHabʰyā(m)	*gawpaHabʰyaH
dative	*gawpaHnay	*gawpaHabʰyā(m)	*gawpaHabʰyaH
genitive	*gawpaHnah	*gawpaHaHāh	*gawpaHnaHam
locative	*gawpaHni	*gawpaHaHaw	*gawpaHahu

Alternative reconstructions

*gupaHā^[1]

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *gupа̄nu (< acc.sg. *gupáHnam)
  - →? Proto-Slavic: *gъpanъ (see there for further descendants)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: غوبه (ǧoba, ǧobə), غوبون (ǧobun)
  - →? Sarikoli: غۈبۇن (ǧübun), غۇبۇن (ǧubun)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *gaupā
  - Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwpʾn' /⁠gupān, gōbān⁠/) (< acc.sg. OP *gaupānam)
    - Classical Persian: گوبان (gōbān), گوپان (gōpān)
      - Dari: گوبان (gōbān)
      - Iranian Persian: گوبان (gubân)
      - Tajik: говбон (govbon), (dialectal) губон (gubon)
        → Shughni: гов̌бу̊н (gōwbū̊n)
        → Vanji: gobon
        → Yazghulami: губон (gubon)
  - → Achaemenid Elamite: 𒅗𒁀𒈾 (Kam-ba-na, m.pr.)
  - → Achaemenid Elamite: 𒆪𒁀𒈾 (Ku-ba-na, m.pr.) (< Late Old Persian *gōpānam)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Northern Kurdish: gavan

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*gau- + pа̄na-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 210

[ESIJa-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*gau- + pа̄na-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 210

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