-ský

• -ký (after s, c, or k)
• -cký (after s, c, or k)

Inherited from Old Czech -ský, from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

-ský (adjective-forming suffix)

1. (as an adjective) -ian, -ic (from, related to, or like)

   ‎anděl + ‎-ský → ‎andělský

   ‎moře + ‎-ský → ‎mořský

   ‎Aristoteles (“Aristotle”) + ‎-ský → ‎aristotelský (“Aristotelian”)

   ‎Itálie (“Italy”) + ‎-ský → ‎italský (“Italian”)

   ‎Praha (“Prague”) + ‎-ský → ‎pražský (“Praguer”)

   ‎Česko (“Czechia, Czech Republic”) + ‎-ský → ‎český (“Czech”)

• -ní
• -ový

• Přídavná jména na -ský, Naše řeč (1939)
• Tvoření přídavných jmen od víceslovných místních jmen, Naše řeč (1982)
• -ský/-ký, etc. in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

-ský (adjective-forming suffix)

1. (as an adjective) -ian, -ic (from, related to, or like)

   ‎Čech + ‎-ský → ‎češský

   ‎Praha + ‎-ský → ‎pražský

• This suffix causes first palatalisation of the preceding consonant.

• Czech: -ský, -cký, -ký

• -sky, -cký, -cky, -enský

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ.

• IPA^(key): /skiː/, [skiː]

-ský

1. suffix used to form relational adjectives (expressing belonging, affiliation, or origin) from nouns (persons, animals, things, or places)

   ‎muž (“man”) + ‎-ský → ‎mužský (“masculine; male”)

   ‎kôň (“horse”) + ‎-ský → ‎konský (“equine”)

   ‎hory (“mountains”) + ‎-ský → ‎horský (“mountainous”)

   ‎mesto (“city”) + ‎-ský → ‎mestský (“urban”)

2. suffix used to express a relationship of belonging in the narrow sense of the word; formed from personal possessive adjectives ending in -ov and -in

   ‎otcov (“father's”) + ‎-ský → ‎otcovský (“fatherly; paternal”)

   ‎kráľov (“king's”) + ‎-ský → ‎kráľovský (“royal”)

   ‎materin (“mother's”) + ‎-ský → ‎materinský (“motherly; maternal”)

3. suffix used to form qualitative adjectives (often gradable) expressing a characteristic property

   ‎priateľ (“friend”) + ‎-ský → ‎priateľský (“friendly”)

   ‎ľud (“people”) + ‎-ský → ‎ľudský (“humane; human”)

• The suffixes -ský, -cký, and -enský carry no difference in meaning; they all express a relationship of belonging or affiliation.
• Consonant alternations:
  • If the stem ends with -k or -c, the suffix -cký is usually used instead.
  • If the stem ends with -s, it merges with the -s- of the suffix (e.g., nebesia → nebeský).
  • Stems ending in -ň change to -n- (e.g., baňa → banský).
  • If the final consonant (-k or -g) is preceded by a sonorant, the final consonant is dropped along with a potential mobile vowel before them (e.g., Pezinok → pezinský, Hamburg → hamburský).
  • The final consonant (-h or -ch) is altered into -ž or -š respectively (e.g., Praha → pražský, macocha → macošský).
  • If the final -g is preceded by a vowel, it is either kept (e.g., Haag → haagsky) or it merges into the suffix -cký (usually with native places, e.g., Bodrog → bodrocký).
• This suffix is subject to the rhythmic law. If the preceding syllable is long, the form -sky is used instead.
• This suffix, combined with potential consonant clusters preceding it, causes numerous phonological reductions or cases of assimilation.