痛苦

See also: 苦痛

Chinese

	ache; pain; sorrow	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (痛苦)	痛	苦
simp. ^#(痛苦)	痛	苦
anagram	苦痛

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tòngkǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˋ ㄎㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung³ fu²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thung-khú

(Meixian, Guangdong): tung⁴ ku³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thòng-khó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): tong³ kou²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵thon-khu₅

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tòngkǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˋ ㄎㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tòngkǔ
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung⁴-kʻu³
  - Yale: tùng-kǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tonqkuu
  - Palladius: тунку (tunku)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tung³ fu²
  - Yale: tung fú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung³ fu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung³ fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³³ fuː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung-khú
  - Hakka Romanization System: tung ku^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tung⁴ ku³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵ kʰu³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tung⁴ ku³
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ kʰu³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòng-khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: thòng-khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: torngqor
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tong³ kou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thòng khóu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰou⁵²⁻²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵thon-khu₅
  - MiniDict: thon^去 khu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²thon-khu₂
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰoŋ³³ kʰu⁴⁴/

Adjective

痛苦

painful (in the body or mind); sore; aching; excruciating
減少痛苦／减少痛苦 ― jiǎnshǎo tòngkǔ ― to reduce suffering

發出痛苦的呻吟／发出痛苦的呻吟 ― fāchū tòngkǔ de shēnyín ― to moan in pain

這一群不食人間煙火的人，根本不知道別人的實際痛苦！ [MSC, trad.]
这一群不食人间烟火的人，根本不知道别人的实际痛苦！ [MSC, simp.]
Zhè yī qún bùshírénjiānyānhuǒ de rén, gēnběn bù zhīdào biérén de shíjì tòngkǔ! [Pinyin]
These people who are out of touch with reality just don't understand the real suffering of others!

最痛苦的，莫過於你所愛的那個人並不知道你愛他，而你也沒有勇氣讓他知道。 [MSC, trad.]
最痛苦的，莫过于你所爱的那个人并不知道你爱他，而你也没有勇气让他知道。 [MSC, simp.]
Zuì tòngkǔ de, mòguòyú nǐ suǒ ài de nàge rén bìngbù zhīdào nǐ ài tā, ér nǐ yě méiyǒu yǒngqì ràng tā zhīdào. [Pinyin]
Nothing is more painful than loving someone who doesn’t know, and you don’t have the courage to tell them.

埋怨對於我們毫無益處，埋怨越多越痛苦，埋怨越少越快樂。 [MSC, trad.]
埋怨对于我们毫无益处，埋怨越多越痛苦，埋怨越少越快乐。 [MSC, simp.]
Máiyuàn duìyú wǒmen háowú yìchù, máiyuàn yuè duō yuè tòngkǔ, máiyuàn yuè shǎo yuè kuàiyuè. [Pinyin]
Complaining is of no benefit to us. The more we complain, the more painful it gets — the less we complain, the happier we feel.
(figurative, of a lesson, etc.) profound; bitter

Synonyms

(painful): 痛楚 (tòngchǔ), (Hokkien) 罪過／罪过 (zuìguò)

Related terms

難受／难受 (nánshòu)

Noun

痛苦

pain; suffering; agony

Synonyms

edit

痛楚 (tòngchǔ)
苦楚 (kǔchǔ)
苦水 (kǔshuǐ) (figurative)
苦處 / 苦处 (kǔchù)
苦難 / 苦难 (kǔnàn)
隱痛 / 隐痛 (yǐntòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (痛苦):

→ Japanese: 痛(つう)苦(く) (tsūku)
→ Korean: 통고(痛苦) (tonggo)
→ Vietnamese: thống khổ (痛苦)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
痛	苦
つう Grade: 6	く Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [t͡sɨːkɯ̟]

Noun

痛(つう)苦(く) • (tsūku)

anguish
- 2023 May 19, 田村貴昭, quotee, “第211回国会　衆議院　財務金融委員会　第19号　令和5年5月19日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎^[1], 国立国会図書館:
  かつて侵略戦争遂行のために国の財政と国民生活を破綻させた痛苦の歴史を今こそ思い起こすべきです。
  Katsute shinryaku sensō suikō no tame ni kuni no zaisei to kokumin seikatsu o hatan saseta tsūku no rekishi o ima koso omoiokosu-beki desu.
  Now is the time to recall the painful history of the country's finances and the lives of its people being ruined in order to wage a war of aggression.