禘嘗

Chinese

		imperial ancestral sacrifice	to taste; flavour; indicator of past tense to taste; flavour; indicator of past tense; already; ever; once; test; formerly
trad. (禘嘗)		禘	嘗
simp. (禘尝)		禘	尝

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dìcháng

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ ㄔㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dai³ soeng⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dìcháng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄔㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dìcháng
  - Wade–Giles: ti⁴-chʻang²
  - Yale: dì-cháng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihcharng
  - Palladius: дичан (dičan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dai³ soeng⁴
  - Yale: dai sèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dai³ soeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: dei³ sêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐi̯³³ sœːŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: dejH dzyang

Rime
Character	禘	嘗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	特計切	市羊切
Baxter	dejH	dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dei^H/	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/dei^H/	/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛi^H/	/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛj^H/	/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/dei^H/	/ʑiaŋ/
Wang Li	/diei^H/	/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱiei^H/	/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dì	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dai⁶	soeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*deːɡs djaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嘗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cháng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyang ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.daŋ/
English	taste (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禘	嘗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2321	11153
Phonetic component	帝	尚
Rime group	賜	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	第	常
Old Chinese	/*deːɡs/	/*djaŋ/
Notes		同甞

Noun

禘嘗

(historical) The Di and Chang sacrifices, two of the four annual sacrifices. All sacrifices are divided according to the four seasons: the spring sacrifice is called 礿 (yuè), the summer sacrifice is called 禘 (dì), the autumn sacrifice is called 嘗／尝 (cháng), and the winter sacrifice is called 烝 (zhēng).
- 明乎郊社之禮、禘嘗之義，治國其如示諸掌乎！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  明乎郊社之礼、禘尝之义，治国其如示诸掌乎！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Míng hū jiāoshè zhī lǐ, dìcháng zhī yì, zhì guó qí rú shì zhū zhǎng hū! [Pinyin]
  He who understands the ceremonies of the sacrifices to Heaven and Earth, and the meaning of the several sacrifices to ancestors, would find the government of a kingdom as easy as to look into his palm!