市

See also: 帀 and 巿
市 U+5E02, 市
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E02
← 币
[U+5E01] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 布 →
[U+5E03]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

Note that the Ming typeface used in Japan and Korea as well as the Kangxi dictionary uses a vertical dot for the upper component of 亠 which is slightly different from modern Chinese scripts which uses a slanting 丶 dot for the upper component of 亠 in 市.

Han character

市 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 卜中月 (YLB), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱丶帀 or ⿱亠巾)

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𰇓, 𡊔, 𢘥, 𨸲, 𥙅, 𥞑, 𧉽, 𫎕, 𫒁
  • 𢒌, 𪲬, 𬽖, 𠇰, 𭖐, 𪥐, 𥫴, 𭑖, 𫷇, 𪩵, 𢄂, 𥞿, 𬯻
  • 𠆴, 𧘴, 𢅈, 𭅈, 𧛦, 𠸔, 𢯨, 𩹩, 𣛈, 𰡿, 𰕟, 𬕟

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 328, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8775
  • Dae Jaweon: page 632, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 729, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5E02

Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 巿 (U+5DFF), which has only four strokes and is written with 一 across the top of 巾.

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 市

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 市
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯʔ): semantic 兮 (“bustling”) + phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ).

Etymology

Possibly related to Proto-Tai *z.ɟɯːꟲ (“to buy”), whence Thai ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ci5 - vernacular;
  • si5 - literary.
Note:
  • chhī/chhǐ - vernacular;
  • sī/sǐ - literary.
Note:
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: shr5 / shr4
        • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²¹/, /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
        • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /sz̩²¹/, /sz̩⁴⁵/
    Note:
    • shr5 - vernacular;
    • shr4 - literary.
      Rime
      Character 市
      Reading # 1/1
      Initial (聲) 常 (25)
      Final (韻) 之 (19)
      Tone (調) Rising (X)
      Openness (開合) Open
      Division (等) III
      Fanqie 時止切
      Baxter dzyiX
      Reconstructions
      Zhengzhang
      Shangfang             		/d͡ʑɨX/
      Pan
      Wuyun             		/d͡ʑɨX/
      Shao
      Rongfen             		/d͡ʑieX/
      Edwin
      Pulleyblank             		/d͡ʑɨX/
      Li
      Rong             		/ʑiəX/
      Wang
      Li             		/ʑĭəX/
      Bernhard
      Karlgren             		/ʑiX/
      Expected
      Mandarin
      Reflex             		shì
      Expected
      Cantonese
      Reflex             		si6
      Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
      Character 市
      Reading # 1/1
      Modern
      Beijing
      (Pinyin)             		shì
      Middle
      Chinese             		‹ dzyiX ›
      Old
      Chinese             		/*C.[d]əʔ/
      English market (n.)

      Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

      * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
      * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
      * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
      * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

      * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
      Zhengzhang system (2003)
      Character 市
      Reading # 1/1
      No. 11611
      Phonetic
      component             		市
      Rime
      group             		之
      Rime
      subdivision             		0
      Corresponding
      MC rime             		市
      Old
      Chinese             		/*djɯʔ/

      Definitions

      市

      1. city; town
      2. market; fair
      3. to trade; to do business
      4. to buy
      5. to sell
      6. (Cantonese) market situation; especially the stock market
      7. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) business situation (buy and sell of goods)

      Compounds

      References

      • “市”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
      • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “市”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 211.

      Japanese

      Kanji

      市

      (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

      Readings

      • Go-on: じ (ji)
      • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
      • Kun: いち (ichi, 市, Jōyō)

      Compounds

      Derived terms

      Etymology 1

      Kanji in this term
      市
      いち
      Grade: 2
      kun'yomi

      From Old Japanese 市 (ichi). Found in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

      Pronunciation

      Noun

      市(いち) • (ichi) 

      1. a market, a marketplace
      2. a place where a lot of people gather
      3. (less commonly) a town, a city

      Etymology 2

      Kanji in this term
      市
      し
      Grade: 2
      on'yomi

      Suffix

      市(し) • (-shi) 

      1. city
      Usage notes

      When compounding, similar to 都 (-to), 道 (-dō), 府 (-fu), 県 (-ken) and 町 (chō), makes the accent fall on the 自立拍 (jiritsuhaku, “autonomous mora”) immediately before itself. For example:

      References

      1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
      2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

      Korean

      Etymology

      From Middle Chinese 市 (MC dzyiX).

      Historical readings

      Pronunciation

      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰi(ː)]
      • Phonetic hangul: [시(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

      Hanja

      市 (eumhun 저자 시 (jeoja si))

      1. hanja form? of 시 (“market”)
      2. hanja form? of 시 (“city; town”)

      Compounds

      Derived terms

      References

      • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

      Vietnamese

      Han character

      市: Hán Nôm readings: thị

      1. (only in compounds) market
      2. (only in compounds) city, town

      Compounds

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