郊社

Chinese

		suburb, suburban	god of the soil altar to the god of the soil sacrifice to the god of the soil
simp. and trad. (郊社)		郊	社

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāoshè

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠㄕㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau¹ se⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāoshè
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠㄕㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiaoshè
  - Wade–Giles: chiao¹-shê⁴
  - Yale: jyāu-shè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiausheh
  - Palladius: цзяошэ (czjaošɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaau¹ se⁵
  - Yale: gāau séh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaau¹ se⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: gao¹ sé⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵ sɛː¹³/

Middle Chinese: kaew dzyaeX

Rime
Character	郊	社
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古肴切	常者切
Baxter	kaew	dzyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/	/d͡ʑia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/	/d͡ʑia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/	/d͡ʑia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/	/d͡ʑia^X/
Li Rong	/kau/	/ʑia^X/
Wang Li	/kau/	/ʑĭa^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau/	/ʑi̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo	shè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau¹	se⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤraw m-tʰAʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kreːw ɦljaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	郊	社
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo	shè
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw ›	‹ dzyæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁraw/	/*m-tʰAʔ/
English	suburb	sacrifice to the spirit of the soil
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	郊	社
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6297	12497
Phonetic component	交	土
Rime group	宵	魚
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	交	社
Old Chinese	/*kreːw/	/*ɦljaːʔ/

Noun

郊社

(historical) The state sacrifices to heaven and earth performed by ancient Chinese emperors in the outskirts of the capital.
- 郊社之禮，所以事上帝也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  郊社之礼，所以事上帝也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Jiāoshè zhī lǐ, suǒyǐ shì shàngdì yě. [Pinyin]
  By the ceremonies of the sacrifices to Heaven and Earth they served God

Synonyms

郊祀 (jiāosì)

Compounds

郊社局 (Jiāoshèjú)
郊社署 (Jiāoshèshǔ)