掌

掌 U+638C, 掌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-638C
← 掋
[U+638B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 掍 →
[U+638D]

Translingual

Han character

掌 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 火月口手 (FBRQ), four-corner 90502, composition ⿱𫩠手 or ⿱龸𠰅)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 437, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12248
  • Dae Jaweon: page 786, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1889, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+638C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 掌
alternative forms 𤓯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 掌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
當 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠 *taːŋ
鐺 *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹 *taːŋ
璫 *taːŋ
檔 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷 *taːŋ
擋 *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨 *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜 *taːŋʔ
欓 *taːŋʔ
譡 *taːŋs
闣 *taːŋs
瓽 *taːŋs
鏜 *tʰaːŋ
闛 *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞 *tʰaːŋ
曭 *tʰaːŋʔ
儻 *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃 *tʰaːŋʔ
矘 *tʰaːŋʔ
爣 *tʰaːŋʔ
攩 *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌 *tʰaːŋʔ
倘 *tʰaːŋʔ
躺 *tʰaːŋʔ
趟 *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂 *daːŋ
坣 *daːŋ
棠 *daːŋ
糛 *daːŋ
螳 *daːŋ
隚 *daːŋ
橖 *daːŋ
掌 *tjaŋʔ
廠 *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞 *tʰjaŋʔ
僘 *tʰjaŋʔ
氅 *tʰjaŋʔ
常 *djaŋ
嘗 *djaŋ
裳 *djaŋ
徜 *djaŋ
尚 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞 *djaŋ
鋿 *djaŋ
嫦 *djaŋ
償 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞 *hjaŋʔ
瞠 *rtʰaːŋ
撐 *rtʰaːŋ
樘 *rtʰaːŋ
橕 *rtʰaːŋ
牚 *rtʰaːŋs
埫 *tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjaŋʔ): phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 手.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ciēng - vernacular (“finger”);
  • ciōng - literary.
Note:
  • zing3 - vernacular (used in 掌甲);
  • zieo3/ziao3 - varnacular (used in 骹掌);
  • zyorng3/zoeng3/zuerng3/zyoeng3/zyang3/zieng3 - literary.
Note:
  • chiúⁿ/chióⁿ - vernacular (“palm”);
  • chńg/chéng/chín - vernacular (“finger”, often written as 指, e.g. 掌甲, 掌頭仔);
  • chióng/chiáng - literary.
Note:
  • zion2 - Shantou;
  • ziên2 - Chaozhou.
Note:
  • Shaoxing:
    • 3tsaon - vernacular;
    • 3tsan - literary.
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: zhan3
        • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂan⁴¹/
        • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡san⁴¹/
    Rime
    Character 掌
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 章 (23)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 諸兩切
    Baxter tsyangX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡ɕɨɐŋX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡ɕiɐŋX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡ɕiɑŋX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/cɨaŋX/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡ɕiaŋX/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡ɕĭaŋX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/t͡ɕi̯aŋX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhǎng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zoeng2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 掌
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhǎng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsyangX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k.t]aŋʔ/
    English palm of the hand

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 掌
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11146
    Phonetic
    component         		尚
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		掌
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tjaŋʔ/

    Definitions

    掌

    1. palm of hand
      鼓掌  ―  gǔzhǎng  ―  to clap
    2. (Min) finger
    3. sole of foot
    4. shoe sole or heel
    5. horseshoe
    6. to slap
    7. to hold
      掌旗  ―  zhǎng qí  ―  to hold a flag
    8. to control
    9. (dialectal Mandarin) to put (seasoning)
    10. (Sichuanese) to support; to hold
    11. (Hakka, Teochew) to watch over; to look after

    Compounds

    Descendants

    • → Mongolian: зан (zan, “sole”)

    Japanese

    Kanji

    掌

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. palm of the hand
    2. manipulate
    3. rule; administer

    Readings

    • Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
    • Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
    • Kun: てのひら (tenohira, 掌)、たなごころ (tanagokoro, 掌)、たなそこ (tanasoko, 掌)、つかさどる (tsukasadoru, 掌る)

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    掌
    てのひら
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    Alternative spellings
    手の平
    手のひら

    From 手(て) (te, “hand”) + の (no, “-'s”) + 平(ひら) (hira, “flat”). Compare English flat of one's hand.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    掌(てのひら) • (tenohira) 

    1. (anatomy) a palm

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    掌
    たなうら
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi

    From 手(た) (ta-, “hand”) + な (na, “-'s”, archaic) + 裏(うら) (ura, “hidden side”).

    Noun

    掌(たなうら) • (tanaura) 

    1. (anatomy) a palm

    Etymology 3

    Kanji in this term
    掌
    たなごころ
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi

    From 手(た) (ta-, “hand”) + な (na, “-'s”, archaic) + 心(こころ) (kokoro, “heart; inside”, rendaku form 心(ごころ) (gokoro)).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    掌(たなごころ) • (tanagokoro) 

    1. (anatomy) a palm

    Etymology 4

    Kanji in this term
    掌
    しょう
    Grade: S
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese 掌 (MC tsyangX).

    Suffix

    掌(しょう) • (-shō) ←しやう (-syau)?

    1. (martial arts) used in the names of moves that involve hitting and pushing hard with the palm
      条(じゅう)拳(けん)法(ぽう)　八(はっ)卦(け)六(ろく)十(じゅう)四(よん)掌(しょう)
      Jūkenpō Hakke Rokujūyonshō
      Jūkenpō: Eight Trigrams, Sixty-Four Palms
      • 2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第(だい)60話(わ)　少(しょう)女(じょ)の決(けつ)意(い) [Chapter 60: A Girl’s Resolve]”, in 東(とう)京(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 30–31:
        これがこの赤(セキ)を師(スー)兵(ペイ)の頂(ちょう)点(てん)たらしめる炎(ほのお)だッ!!!我(が)龍(りゅう)双(そう)煉(れん)掌(しょう)
        Kore ga kono Seki o Sūpei no chōten tarashimeru honō da'!!! Garyū Sōrenshō
        This is the flame that helped put me, Seki, at the top of the Supei!!! Garyū Sōrenshō

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 掌 (MC tsyangX). Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja

    掌 (eumhun 손바닥 장 (sonbadak jang))

    1. hanja form? of 장 (“palm of the hand”)

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    掌: Hán Nôm readings: chưởng

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