極端

See also: 极端

Chinese

		utmost; pole; extreme utmost; pole; extreme; to reach the limit	end; extremity; item end; extremity; item; port; to hold something level with both hands; to carry; regular
trad. (極端)		極	端
simp. (极端)		极	端

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jíduān

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ ㄉㄨㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gik⁶ dyun¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khi̍t-tôn

(Hailu, HRS): kid^ˋ don^ˋ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gih⁷ duang¹ / gih⁷ duong¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ke̍k-toan / kia̍k-toan

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêg⁸ duêng¹ / gêg⁸ duang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jíduān
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄉㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jíduan
  - Wade–Giles: chi²-tuan¹
  - Yale: jí-dwān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyiduan
  - Palladius: цзидуань (cziduanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵ tu̯än⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gik⁶ dyun¹
  - Yale: gihk dyūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gik⁹ dyn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gig⁶ dün¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪk̚² tyːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khi̍t-tôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: kid don^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kid⁶ don¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰit̚⁵ ton²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kid^ˋ don^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰit² ton⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gih⁷ duang¹ [Phonetic: gih⁶ duang¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gi̍h-duang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiʔ⁴⁻²¹ tuaŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gih⁷ duong¹ [Phonetic: gih⁶ duong¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiʔ⁴⁻² tuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke̍k-toan
  - Tâi-lô: ki̍k-tuan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kegdoafn
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tuan⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² tuan⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia̍k-toan
  - Tâi-lô: kia̍k-tuan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiagdoafn
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiak̚²⁴⁻² tuan³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêg⁸ duêng¹ / gêg⁸ duang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke̍k tueng / ke̍k tuang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kek̚⁴⁻² tueŋ³³/, /kek̚⁴⁻² tuaŋ³³/

Note:

gêg8 duêng1 - Chaozhou;
gêg8 duang1 - Shantou.

Noun

極端

extreme

Adjective

極端

extreme
極端愛國主義／极端爱国主义 ― jíduān àiguózhǔyì ― jingoism

極端節食／极端节食 ― jíduān jiéshí ― crash diet

極端天氣事件／极端天气事件 ― jíduān tiānqì shìjiàn ― extreme weather event

他們都覺得這個觀點太極端，不可取。 [MSC, trad.]
他们都觉得这个观点太极端，不可取。 [MSC, simp.]
Tāmen dōu juéde zhè ge guāndiǎn tài jíduān, bù kěqǔ. [Pinyin]
They all think this point of view is too extreme and should not be adopted.

Adverb

極端

extremely

Synonyms

edit

不要太 (bùyàotài) (slang)
十分 (shífēn)
危險 / 危险 (Wu)
壞 / 坏 (huài)
孔 (kǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
很 (hěn)
極其 / 极其 (jíqí)
極度 / 极度 (jídù)
極為 / 极为 (jíwéi)
滾 / 滚 (gǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
異常 / 异常 (yìcháng)
老大 (lǎodà) (colloquial, usually in the negative)
良
超 (chāo)
非常 (fēicháng)
頗 / 颇 (pō) (literary)
頗為 / 颇为 (pōwéi) (literary)

Derived terms

極端主義 / 极端主义 (jíduānzhǔyì)
極端分子 / 极端分子 (jíduān fènzǐ)
走極端 / 走极端 (zǒu jíduān)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
極	端
きょく Grade: 4	たん Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょくたん [kyòkútáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞kɯ̟̊tã̠ɴ]

Adjective

極(きょく)端(たん) • (kyokutan) -na (adnominal 極(きょく)端(たん)な (kyokutan na), adverbial 極(きょく)端(たん)に (kyokutan ni))

extreme
極端(きょくたん)な意見(いけん)
kyokutan na iken
extreme views

Inflection

Inflection of 極端
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	極端だろ	きょくたんだろ	kyokutan daro
Continuative (連用形)	極端で	きょくたんで	kyokutan de
Terminal (終止形)	極端だ	きょくたんだ	kyokutan da
Attributive (連体形)	極端な	きょくたんな	kyokutan na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	極端なら	きょくたんなら	kyokutan nara
Imperative (命令形)	極端であれ	きょくたんであれ	kyokutan de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	極端ではない極端じゃない	きょくたんではないきょくたんじゃない	kyokutan de wa nai kyokutan ja nai
Informal past	極端だった	きょくたんだった	kyokutan datta
Informal negative past	極端ではなかった極端じゃなかった	きょくたんではなかったきょくたんじゃなかった	kyokutan de wa nakatta kyokutan ja nakatta
Formal	極端です	きょくたんです	kyokutan desu
Formal negative	極端ではありません極端じゃありません	きょくたんではありませんきょくたんじゃありません	kyokutan de wa arimasen kyokutan ja arimasen
Formal past	極端でした	きょくたんでした	kyokutan deshita
Formal negative past	極端ではありませんでした極端じゃありませんでした	きょくたんではありませんでしたきょくたんじゃありませんでした	kyokutan de wa arimasen deshita kyokutan ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	極端で	きょくたんで	kyokutan de
Conditional	極端なら（ば）	きょくたんなら（ば）	kyokutan nara (ba)
Provisional	極端だったら	きょくたんだったら	kyokutan dattara
Volitional	極端だろう	きょくたんだろう	kyokutan darō
Adverbial	極端に	きょくたんに	kyokutan ni
Degree	極端さ	きょくたんさ	kyokutansa

Noun

極(きょく)端(たん) • (kyokutan)

the extreme
the edge, the boundary

Derived terms

両(りょう)極(きょく)端(たん) (ryōkyokutan, “both extremes”)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“極端”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
極	端

Noun

極端 • (geukdan) (hangeul 극단)

hanja form^? of 극단 (“the extreme”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
極	端

Adjective

極端

chữ Hán form of cực đoan (“extreme”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]