犀

犀	U+7280, 犀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7280

← 牿
[U+727F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

犁 →
[U+7281]

犀	U+2F924, 犀 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F924

← 𤘈
[U+2F923]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

犕 →
[U+2F925]

Translingual

Han character

犀 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸水竹手 (SEHQ) or 尸卜卜手 (SYYQ), four-corner 7725₁, composition ⿸尸⿱氺牛)

Derived characters

墀, 㜨, 徲, 摨, 漽, 遲, 樨, 穉, 䙙, 䜄, 㓾

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 701, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20045
Dae Jaweon: page 1114, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1815, character 1
Unihan data for U+7280

Unihan data for U+2F924

Chinese

simp. and trad.		犀
2nd round simp.		𰠨
alternative forms		屖

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犀
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (犀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
摨	*rniːd
犀	*sliːl
遲	*l'il
墀	*l'il

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sliːl): phonetic 尾 (OC *mɯlʔ) + semantic 牛 (“ox”).

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-sej (“rhinoceros”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xī (xi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sai¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sî

(Hailu, HRS): si^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): xi¹

(Changting, Changting Pinyin): si¹
Northern Min (KCR): sí
Eastern Min (BUC): să̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): se¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sai / se

(Teochew, Peng'im): sai¹
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): sai¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹shi / ¹si / ¹chi
- (Jinhua): ¹sie

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xī
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: si
  - Wade–Giles: hsi¹
  - Yale: syī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sai¹
  - Yale: sāi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sei¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐi̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sî
  - Hakka Romanization System: xi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /si²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: si^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /si⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: xi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ɕi⁴⁴/
- (Changting)
  - Changting Pinyin: si¹
  - Sinological IPA: /si³³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: să̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: se¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sa̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬe⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: se¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬe⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sai / se
  - Tâi-lô: sai / se
  - Phofsit Daibuun: say, sef
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sai³³/, /se³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sai⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/

Note:

sai - vernacular;
se - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: sai¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sai
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai³³/

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: sai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /səi⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Yixing, Jiaxing, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou, Xiaoshan, Shaoxing, Cixi, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ¹shi
  - MiniDict: shi^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹xi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɕi⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Yixing): /ɕi⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɕi⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /ɕi⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /ɕi⁵¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɕi³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiaoshan): /ɕi⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɕi⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Cixi): /ɕi³²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɕi⁵²/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chuansha, Suzhou, Kunshan, Jingjiang, Tongxiang)
  - Wugniu: ¹si
  - MiniDict: si^平
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /si⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /si⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /si⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /si⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /si⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /si⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /si⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ¹chi
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ¹sie
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /sie³³⁴/

Middle Chinese: sej

Rime
Character	犀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	先稽切
Baxter	sej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sei/
Pan Wuyun	/sei/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛj/
Li Rong	/sei/
Wang Li	/siei/
Bernhard Karlgren	/siei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.lˤəj/

(Zhengzhang): /*sliːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ sej ›
Old Chinese	/*s.lˁəj/
English	rhinoceros
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犀
Reading #	1/1
No.	13345
Phonetic component	犀
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	西
Old Chinese	/*sliːl/
Notes	說文尾聲

Definitions

犀

rhinoceros
- 無木處乃犀、象屯聚養育之地。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  无木处乃犀、象屯聚养育之地。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 1300, 周達觀 / 周达观 (Zhou Daguan), 《真臘風土記 / 真腊风土记》 (The Customs of Cambodia), adapted from translation by Peter Harris
  Wú mù chù nǎi xī, xiàng túnjù yǎngyù zhī dì. [Pinyin]
  Where there are no trees, rhinoceroses and elephants come together and bring up their young.
sharp; hard; well-tempered (as metal)

Compounds

一點靈犀 / 一点灵犀
兩犀 / 两犀
剔犀
心有靈犀 / 心有灵犀 (xīnyǒulíngxī)
披毛犀
拔犀擢象
拽象拖犀
文犀
木犀 (mùxī)
毛犀
燃犀
燃犀溫嶠 / 燃犀温峤
燬犀 / 毁犀
牙簽犀軸 / 牙签犀轴
犀兵
犀利 (xīlì)
犀帶 / 犀带
犀渠
犀照
犀牛 (xīniú)
犀牛望月
犀牛角
犀甲
犀皮
犀箸
犀角 (xījiǎo)
犀銳 / 犀锐
犀錢 / 犀钱
犀革 (xīgé)
犀頭 / 犀头
犀首
犀鳥 / 犀鸟 (xīniǎo)
瓠犀
白犀牛
通天犀
金木犀
靈犀 / 灵犀 (língxī)
靈犀相通 / 灵犀相通
鬥犀臺 / 斗犀台

Japanese

Kanji

犀

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: さい (sai)
Kan-on: せい (sei)
Kun: かたい (katai, 犀い)、するどい (surudoi, 犀い)

Compounds

犀利(さいり) (sairi)
木犀(もくせい) (mokusei)
霊犀(れいさい) (reisai)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
犀
さい Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 犀 (sej).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さい [sáꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sa̠i]

- Homophones: 妻, 采, 賽, 骰子, 豺, 細, 斎, 債, 際, 載, 差異, 差違

Noun

犀(さい) or 犀(サイ) • (sai)

a rhinoceros

Derived terms

犀角(さいかく) (saikaku)
犀鳥(さいちょう) (saichō)
犀皮(さいひ) (saihi)
印(イン)度(ド)犀(サイ) (Indo-sai)
黒(クロ)犀(サイ) (kurosai)
ジャワ犀(サイ) (Jawa-sai)
白(シロ)犀(サイ) (shirosai)
スマトラ犀(サイ) (Sumatora-sai)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 犀 (MC sej). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔 (sye) (Yale: sye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

犀 (eumhun 무소 서 (muso seo))

hanja form^? of 서 (“rhinoceros”)

Compounds

서각 (犀角, seogak)
서대 (犀帶, seodae)
서리 (犀利, seori)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

犀: Hán Nôm readings: tê^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5], tây^[6]

a rhinoceros

References

^ Génibrel (1898).
^ Bonet (1899).
^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
^ Nguyễn (1974).
^ Trần (1999)tdcntd.
^ Trần (2004).

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[genibrel-2] Génibrel (1898).

[bonet-3] Bonet (1899).

[Thiều_Chửu_(1942)-4] Thiều Chửu (1942).

[Nguyễn_(1974)-5] Nguyễn (1974).

[Trần_(1999)tdcntd-6] Trần (1999)tdcntd.

[Trần_(2004)-7] Trần (2004).

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