養育

See also: 养育

Chinese

		give birth; keep (pets); to support give birth; keep (pets); to support; to bring someone up; to raise (pig, etc.)	nourish; to rear
trad. (養育)		養	育
simp. (养育)		养	育

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎngyù

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁵ juk⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yông-yuk

(Hailu, HRS): rhong^ˋ rhug^ˋ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ióng-io̍k / iáng-io̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): iang² iog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎngyù
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ ㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎngyù
  - Wade–Giles: yang³-yü⁴
  - Yale: yǎng-yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeangyuh
  - Palladius: янъюй (janʺjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: joeng⁵ juk⁶
  - Yale: yéuhng yuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁵ juk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁵ yug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ¹³ jʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông-yuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: iong^ˊ iug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yong¹ yug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ²⁴ i̯uk̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông-yuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong^ˊ (r)iug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yong¹ yug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ²⁴ (j)i̯uk̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhong^ˋ rhug^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒoŋ⁵³ ʒuk²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-io̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ióng-io̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iofng'iok
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔk̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáng-io̍k
  - Tâi-lô: iáng-io̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iafng'iok
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iang² iog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iáng io̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iok̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: yangX yuwk

Rime
Character	養	育
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	餘兩切	余六切
Baxter	yangX	yuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨɐŋ^X/	/jɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɐŋ^X/	/jiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iɑŋ^X/	/iuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨaŋ^X/	/juwk̚/
Li Rong	/iaŋ^X/	/iuk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭaŋ^X/	/jĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯aŋ^X/	/i̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎng	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng⁵	juk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]aŋʔ m-quk/

(Zhengzhang): /*laŋʔ luɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	養	育
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎng	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ yang^X ›	‹ yuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]aŋʔ/	/*m-quk/
English	nourish, raise	breed, produce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	養	育
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	14613	15984
Phonetic component	養	育
Rime group	陽	覺
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	養	育
Old Chinese	/*laŋʔ/	/*luɡ/
Notes	說文羊聲	說文肉聲非，實毓右隸變

Verb

養育

to foster; to rear; to bring up

Synonyms

edit

供養 / 供养
保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
奉待 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
奉養 / 奉养
扶養 / 扶养 (fúyǎng)
撫育 / 抚育 (fǔyù)
撫養 / 抚养 (fǔyǎng)
渡子 (Hakka, to raise a child)
育兒 / 育儿 (yù'ér) (to raise a child)
贍養 / 赡养 (shànyǎng)
邀飼 / 邀饲 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
鞠養 / 鞠养 (jūyǎng) (literary)
養活 / 养活 (yǎnghuo) (colloquial)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (養育):

→ Japanese: 養育(よういく) (yōiku)
→ Korean: 양육(養育) (yang'yuk)
→ Vietnamese: dưỡng dục (養育)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
養	育
よう Grade: 4	いく Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [jo̞ːikɯ̟]

Noun

養(よう)育(いく) • (yōiku)

upbringing

Derived terms

養育費

Verb

養(よう)育(いく)する • (yōiku suru) transitive suru (stem 養(よう)育(いく)し (yōiku shi), past 養(よう)育(いく)した (yōiku shita))

bring up; rear; nurture
子(こ)供(ども)を養(よう)育(いく)する ― kodomo o yōiku suru ― to bring up children
- 2024 May 21, 加藤鮎子 [Ayuko Katō], quotee, “第213回国会　参議院　内閣委員会　第15号　令和6年5月21日 [213th Diet House of Councilors Cabinet Committee No. 15 May 21, 2024]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System]‎^[1], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library], retrieved 10 September 2025:
  同時に三人以上の児童を養育する家庭は、子の養育に係る経済的負担が重いと考えられます。
  Dōji ni san-nin ijō no jidō o yōiku suru katei wa, kono yōiku ni kakaru keizaiteki futan ga omoi to kangaerare masu.
  Families raising three or more children at the same time are likely to face a heavy financial burden in raising the children.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "養育する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	養育し	よういくし	yōiku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	養育し	よういくし	yōiku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	養育する	よういくする	yōiku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	養育する	よういくする	yōiku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	養育すれ	よういくすれ	yōiku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	養育せよ¹ 養育しろ²	よういくせよ¹ よういくしろ²	yōiku seyo¹ yōiku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	養育される	よういくされる	yōiku sareru
Causative	養育させる養育さす	よういくさせるよういくさす	yōiku saseru yōiku sasu
Potential	養育できる	よういくできる	yōiku dekiru
Volitional	養育しよう	よういくしよう	yōiku shiyō
Negative	養育しない	よういくしない	yōiku shinai
Negative continuative	養育せず	よういくせず	yōiku sezu
Formal	養育します	よういくします	yōiku shimasu
Perfective	養育した	よういくした	yōiku shita
Conjunctive	養育して	よういくして	yōiku shite
Hypothetical conditional	養育すれば	よういくすれば	yōiku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative