焦燥
Chinese
burnt; scorched; worried burnt; scorched; worried; anxious |
dry; parched; impatient | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (焦燥) | 焦 | 燥 | |
| simp. #(焦燥) | 焦 | 燥 | |
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiāozào
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄗㄠˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiaozào
- Wade–Giles: chiao1-tsao4
- Yale: jyāu-dzàu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiautzaw
- Palladius: цзяоцзао (czjaoczao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- Homophones:
焦躁
驕躁 / 骄躁
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ziu1 cou3
- Yale: jīu chou
- Cantonese Pinyin: dziu1 tsou3
- Guangdong Romanization: jiu1 cou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siːu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta-sò
- Tâi-lô: ta-sò
- Phofsit Daibuun: dasoix
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ta⁴⁴⁻²² so²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ta³³ so⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ta⁴⁴⁻²² so²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ta⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ta⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/
- (Hokkien)
- Middle Chinese: tsjew sawX
Adjective
焦燥
- (literary or Southern Min) dry
- (Mainland China Hokkien) poor; destitute; indigent
Synonyms
- 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
- 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
- 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
- 困窮 / 困穷 (kùnqióng)
- 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
- 困難 / 困难
- 困頓 / 困顿 (kùndùn)
- 宋凶 (Hokkien)
- 散 (Hokkien)
- 散凶 (Hokkien)
- 散赤 (Hokkien)
- 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
- 清貧 / 清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
- 磽 / 硗 (Teochew)
- 䆀康 (Hokkien)
- 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
- 窄
- 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
- 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
- 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
- 窮 / 穷 (qióng)
- 窮乏 / 穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
- 窮困 / 穷困 (qióngkùn)
- 窮㾪 / 穷㾪 (Hokkien)
- 窮苦 / 穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
- 窮赤 / 穷赤 (Hokkien)
- 艱苦 / 艰苦 (Hokkien)
- 苦寒 (kǔhán)
- 貧乏 / 贫乏 (pínfá)
- 貧困 / 贫困 (pínkùn)
- 貧寒 / 贫寒 (pínhán)
- 貧瘠 / 贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
- 貧窮 / 贫穷 (pínqióng)
- 貧苦 / 贫苦 (pínkǔ)
Dialectal synonyms of 貧窮 (“poor; impoverished; poverty-striken”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 貧, 窮 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 窮, 貧窮 |
| Singapore | 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 窮 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 窮 |
| Wanrong | 窮 | |
| Xi'an | 窮 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 窮 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 苦寒 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 窮 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窮 |
| Hong Kong | 窮 | |
| Taishan | 窮 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 窮 |
| Pingxiang | 窮 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 窮 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 窮 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窮無 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 窮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
| Quanzhou | 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 | |
| Hui'an | 窮赤 | |
| Zhangzhou | 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤, 䆀空, 無空 | |
| Tainan | 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 窮, 無錢, 宋凶 | |
| Raoping | 磽 | |
| Shantou | 窮, 磽 | |
| Jieyang | 窮, 磽 | |
| Leizhou | 窮, 蒯 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 窮 |
| Suzhou | 窮 | |
| Danyang | 窮 | |
| Hangzhou | 窮 | |
| Jinhua | 倒灶 | |
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 焦燥 – see 焦躁 (“fretful; impatient”). (This term is a variant form of 焦躁). |
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 焦 | 燥 |
| しょう Grade: S |
そう Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
焦燥 • (shōsō)
Verb
焦燥する • (shōsō suru) suru (stem 焦燥し (shōsō shi), past 焦燥した (shōsō shita))
- to fret
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 焦燥し | しょうそうし | shōsō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 焦燥し | しょうそうし | shōsō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 焦燥する | しょうそうする | shōsō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 焦燥する | しょうそうする | shōsō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 焦燥すれ | しょうそうすれ | shōsō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 焦燥せよ¹ 焦燥しろ² |
しょうそうせよ¹ しょうそうしろ² |
shōsō seyo¹ shōsō shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 焦燥される | しょうそうされる | shōsō sareru |
| Causative | 焦燥させる 焦燥さす |
しょうそうさせる しょうそうさす |
shōsō saseru shōsō sasu |
| Potential | 焦燥できる | しょうそうできる | shōsō dekiru |
| Volitional | 焦燥しよう | しょうそうしよう | shōsō shiyō |
| Negative | 焦燥しない | しょうそうしない | shōsō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 焦燥せず | しょうそうせず | shōsō sezu |
| Formal | 焦燥します | しょうそうします | shōsō shimasu |
| Perfective | 焦燥した | しょうそうした | shōsō shita |
| Conjunctive | 焦燥して | しょうそうして | shōsō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 焦燥すれば | しょうそうすれば | shōsō sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- “焦燥”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026