嘲笑

Chinese

		to ridicule; ridicule; mock	laugh; smile
trad. (嘲笑)		嘲	笑
simp. ^#(嘲笑)		嘲	笑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cháoxiào

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau¹ siu³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiâu-chhiò / tiâu-chhiàu / sau-chhiò

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cháoxiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cháosiào
  - Wade–Giles: chʻao²-hsiao⁴
  - Yale: cháu-syàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaurshiaw
  - Palladius: чаосяо (čaosjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaau¹ siu³
  - Yale: jāau siu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau¹ siu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zao¹ xiu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːu̯⁵⁵ siːu̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu-chhiò
  - Tâi-lô: tiâu-tshiò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diauchioix
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau²³⁻³³ t͡sʰiɤ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰio⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰio¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tiau²⁴⁻²² t͡sʰio²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu-chhiàu
  - Tâi-lô: tiâu-tshiàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diauchiaux
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau¹³⁻²² t͡sʰiau²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sau-chhiò
  - Tâi-lô: sau-tshiò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sauchioix
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰio¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɤ²¹/

Middle Chinese: traew sjewH

Rime
Character	嘲	笑
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	陟交切	私妙切
Baxter	traew	sjewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠau/	/siᴇu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚau/	/siɛu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶau/	/sjæu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈaɨw/	/siaw^H/
Li Rong	/ȶau/	/siɛu^H/
Wang Li	/ȶau/	/sĭɛu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶau/	/si̯ɛu^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāo	xiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaau¹	siu³

Verb

嘲笑

(transitive) to laugh at; to deride; to jeer; to mock; to ridicule
我們沒資格嘲笑他。 [MSC, trad.]
我们没资格嘲笑他。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen méi zīgé cháoxiào tā. [Pinyin]
We have no right to laugh at him.

Synonyms

edit

作弄 (zuònòng)
僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
刺 (literary, or in compounds)
刺溪 (chié-*kă̤) (Eastern Min)
創弄 / 创弄 (Hokkien)
創景 / 创景 (Hokkien)
創治 / 创治 (chhòng-tī) (Hokkien)
剾損 / 𠛅损 (Hokkien)
剾洗 / 𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Hokkien)
剾洗 / 𠛅洗 (Hokkien)
剾褻 / 𠛅亵 (Hokkien)
𠢕滾 / 𠢕滚 (Hokkien)
取樂 / 取乐 (qǔlè)
取笑 (qǔxiào)
呾笑話 / 呾笑话 (dan³ cio³ uê⁷) (Teochew)
呾耍笑 (Teochew)
嗤笑 (chīxiào)
嘲弄 (cháonòng)
嘲訕 / 嘲讪 (cháoshàn)
嘲諷 / 嘲讽 (cháofěng)
嘲謔 / 嘲谑 (cháoxuè)
奚落 (xīluò)
尋開心 / 寻开心 (Wu)
巴銳 / 巴锐 (Hokkien)
恥笑 / 耻笑 (chǐxiào)
戲弄 / 戏弄 (xìnòng)
戲謔 / 戏谑 (xìxuè)
挖苦 (wākǔ)
捉弄 (zhuōnòng)
損 / 损 (sǔn) (colloquial)
撩 (Hakka)
撚化 (nan² faa³) (Cantonese)
撮弄 (cuōnòng) (literary)
擺弄 / 摆弄
消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
湊趣 / 凑趣 (còuqù)
𤊶人 (Hakka)
玩 (colloquial)
玩弄
笑 (xiào)
笑話 / 笑话 (xiàohuà)
耍 (shuǎ)
耍弄 (shuǎnòng)
耍忽 (sua² huah⁴) (Jin)
落八 (Xiamen Hokkien)
見笑 / 见笑 (jiànxiào)
訕笑 / 讪笑 (shànxiào)
詼謔 / 诙谑 (huīxuè)
說風涼話 / 说风凉话 (shuō fēngliánghuà)
調笑 / 调笑 (tiáoxiào)
諦 / 谛 (dai³) (Cantonese)
諷刺 / 讽刺 (fěngcì)
謔潲 / 谑潲 (Hokkien)
謔燒 / 谑烧 (Hokkien)
講笑 / 讲笑 (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien)
講耍笑 / 讲耍笑 (Hokkien)
譏刺 / 讥刺 (jīcì)
譏嘲 / 讥嘲 (jīcháo)
譏笑 / 讥笑 (jīxiào)
譏誚 / 讥诮 (jīqiào) (literary)
譏諷 / 讥讽 (jīfěng)
變弄 / 变弄 (Hokkien)
𧮙 (Wu)
起鬨 / 起哄 (qǐhòng)
輕體 / 轻体 (Hokkien)
逗 (dòu)
逗弄
鄙笑 (Hokkien)
酸笑 (Hokkien)
鈍 / 钝 (Wu)
開心 / 开心 (kāixīn)
開涮 / 开涮 (kāishuàn) (colloquial)
開玩笑 / 开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
非笑 (fēixiào) (literary)
鬧玩笑 / 闹玩笑 (nào wánxiào)
齒冷 / 齿冷 (chǐlěng) (literary)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
嘲	笑
ちょう Grade: S	しょう Grade: 4
goon	on'yomi

Alternative spelling
調笑 (rare)

Etymology

/teuseu/ → */t͡ɕeuɕeu/ → /t͡ɕʲoːɕʲoː/ → /t͡ɕoːɕoː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 嘲笑 (MC traew sjewH). First attested in Japanese in a work from 1794.^[1]

Also analyzable as a shift in reading from the native-Japanese derived kun'yomi to the Chinese-derived on'yomi, of the largely homographic native Japanese synonyms 嘲(あざ)笑(わら)う (azawarau) or 嘲(あざけ)り笑(わら)う (azakeriwarau).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちょーしょー [chòóshóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːɕo̞ː]

Noun

嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう) • (chōshō) ^{←てうせう (teuseu)^?}

[from 1794] a sneer
[from 1794] ridicule

Verb

嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)する • (chōshō suru) ^{←てうせう (teuseu)^?}transitive suru (stem 嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)し (chōshō shi), past 嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)した (chōshō shita))

[from 1794] to sneer at something
[from 1794] to ridicule something

Conjugation

Conjugation of "嘲笑する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	嘲笑し	ちょうしょうし	chōshō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	嘲笑し	ちょうしょうし	chōshō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	嘲笑する	ちょうしょうする	chōshō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	嘲笑する	ちょうしょうする	chōshō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	嘲笑すれ	ちょうしょうすれ	chōshō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	嘲笑せよ¹ 嘲笑しろ²	ちょうしょうせよ¹ ちょうしょうしろ²	chōshō seyo¹ chōshō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	嘲笑される	ちょうしょうされる	chōshō sareru
Causative	嘲笑させる嘲笑さす	ちょうしょうさせるちょうしょうさす	chōshō saseru chōshō sasu
Potential	嘲笑できる	ちょうしょうできる	chōshō dekiru
Volitional	嘲笑しよう	ちょうしょうしよう	chōshō shiyō
Negative	嘲笑しない	ちょうしょうしない	chōshō shinai
Negative continuative	嘲笑せず	ちょうしょうせず	chōshō sezu
Formal	嘲笑します	ちょうしょうします	chōshō shimasu
Perfective	嘲笑した	ちょうしょうした	chōshō shita
Conjunctive	嘲笑して	ちょうしょうして	chōshō shite
Hypothetical conditional	嘲笑すれば	ちょうしょうすれば	chōshō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

嘲(あざ)笑(わら)う (azawarau)
嘲(あざけ)り笑(わら)う (azakeriwarau)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“嘲笑”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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