訓読み

Japanese

Kanji in this term
くん
Grade: 4

Grade: 2
jūbakoyomi
Alternative spellings
訓讀み (kyūjitai)
訓読

Etymology

Compound of (kun, meaning) +‎ 読み (yomi, reading). Originally referred to the meanings of Chinese words as expressed in native Japanese words or 大和(やまと)(こと)() (Yamato kotoba), as opposed to the sounds (i.e. pronunciations) to use when reading Chinese text (called 音読み (on'yomi) or 音読 (ondoku), literally “sound reading”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) んよみ [kùń'yómí] (Heiban – [0])[2][3][4]
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟̃ɰ̃jo̞mʲi]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

(くん)() • (kun'yomi

  1. (linguistics) kun'yomi: a reading of a kanji that is not derived from the kanji's original pronunciation borrowed from Chinese

Usage notes

  • See kun'yomi in Appendix:Japanese glossary for more details.

Coordinate terms

Based on native Japanese vocabulary:

  • 名乗(なの) (nanori) (used for the readings of names: given names and sometimes place names)

Based on Chinese-derived pronunciations:

Verb

(くん)()する • (kun'yomi surusuru (stem (くん)() (kun'yomi shi), past (くん)()した (kun'yomi shita))

  1. to use the kun'yomi of a word, to read a kanji using the pronunciation of a native Japanese word

Conjugation

Conjugation of "訓読みする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 訓読みし くんよみし kun'yomi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 訓読みし くんよみし kun'yomi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 訓読みする くんよみする kun'yomi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 訓読みする くんよみする kun'yomi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 訓読みすれ くんよみすれ kun'yomi sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 訓読みせよ¹
訓読みしろ²
くんよみせよ¹
くんよみしろ²
kun'yomi seyo¹
kun'yomi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 訓読みされる くんよみされる kun'yomi sareru
Causative 訓読みさせる
訓読みさす
くんよみさせる
くんよみさす
kun'yomi saseru
kun'yomi sasu
Potential 訓読みできる くんよみできる kun'yomi dekiru
Volitional 訓読みしよう くんよみしよう kun'yomi shiyō
Negative 訓読みしない くんよみしない kun'yomi shinai
Negative continuative 訓読みせず くんよみせず kun'yomi sezu
Formal 訓読みします くんよみします kun'yomi shimasu
Perfective 訓読みした くんよみした kun'yomi shita
Conjunctive 訓読みして くんよみして kun'yomi shite
Hypothetical conditional 訓読みすれば くんよみすれば kun'yomi sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN