合同

Chinese

		to close; to gather; to join to close; to gather; to join; to fit; all; together	like; same; similar like; same; similar; together; alike; with
simp. and trad. (合同)		合	同

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hétóng, hétong

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ, ㄏㄜˊ ˙ㄊㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hap⁶ tung⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ha̍p-thùng

(Hailu, HRS): hab^ˋ tung
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ha̍p-tâng / ha̍p-tông

(Teochew, Peng'im): hah⁸ dang⁵
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): hap⁶ doeng⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸gheq-don₆

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hétóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hétóng
  - Wade–Giles: ho²-tʻung²
  - Yale: hé-túng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hertorng
  - Palladius: хэтун (xɛtun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hétong
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ ˙ㄊㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: héto̊ng
  - Wade–Giles: ho²-tʻung⁵
  - Yale: hé-tung
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her.tong
  - Palladius: хэтун (xɛtun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵ tʰʊŋ³/

Note: hétong - "contract".

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hap⁶ tung⁴
  - Yale: hahp tùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hap⁹ tung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: heb⁶ tung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐp̚² tʰʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ha̍p-thùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hab tung^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hab⁶ tung²
  - Sinological IPA: /hap̚⁵ tʰuŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hab^ˋ tung
  - Sinological IPA: /hap² tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍p-tâng
  - Tâi-lô: ha̍p-tâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: habdaang
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hap̚⁴⁻³² taŋ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hap̚²⁴⁻² taŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Penang): /hap̚⁴⁻³ taŋ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /hap̚⁴⁻³² taŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ taŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ha̍p-tông
  - Tâi-lô: ha̍p-tông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: habdoong
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hap̚⁴⁻³² tɔŋ²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /hap̚⁴⁻³² tɔŋ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hah⁸ dang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ha̍h tâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haʔ⁴⁻² taŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: hap⁶ doeng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /həp̚²² tøŋ²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸gheq-don₆
  - MiniDict: gheh^入 don^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hheq-don₃
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦəʔ¹¹ doŋ²³/

Noun

合同

contract; agreement (Classifier: 份 m)
房屋租賃合同／房屋租赁合同 ― fángwū zūlìn hétóng ― rental contract

解除合同 ― jiěchú hétóng ― to terminate a contract

他們沒有經過思考就簽訂了合同。 [MSC, trad.]
他们没有经过思考就签订了合同。 [MSC, simp.]
Tāmen méiyǒu jīngguò sīkǎo jiù qiāndìng le hétong. [Pinyin]
Without thinking it over, they signed the contract.

本合同一式貳份，甲乙雙方各執一份。 [MSC, trad.]
本合同一式贰份，甲乙双方各执一份。 [MSC, simp.]
Běn hétong yīshì'èrfèn, jiǎ yǐ shuāngfāng gè zhí yī fèn. [Pinyin]
This contract is in duplicate, with both parties holding one copy each.
- 前邊劉學官還少我二百兩，華主簿少我五十兩，門外徐四鋪內，還欠我本利三百四十兩，都有合同見在，上緊使人催去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  前边刘学官还少我二百两，华主簿少我五十两，门外徐四铺内，还欠我本利三百四十两，都有合同见在，上紧使人催去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Plum in the Golden Vase, circa 1610 CE
  Qián biān Liú xuéguān hái shào wǒ èr bǎi liǎng, Huà zhǔbù shào wǒ wǔshí liǎng, ménwài Xú Sì pù nèi, hái qiàn wǒ běnlì sān bǎi sìshí liǎng, dōu yǒu hétóng jiànzài, shàngjǐn shǐ rén cuī qù. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1888, T. L. Stedman, K. P. Lee, A Chinese and English Phrase Book in the Canton Dialect, New York: William R. Jenkins Co., page 135:
  
  如果冇冩合同你唔伸得寃。 [Cantonese, trad.]
  如果冇冩合同你唔伸得寃。 [Cantonese, simp.]
  jyu⁴ gwo² mou⁵ se² hap⁶ tung⁴ nei⁵ m⁴ san¹ dak¹ jyun¹. [Jyutping]
  If there is no written contract you have no redress.
- (Can we date this quote?), 最牛中國：便利商店爭霸戰 [China's Convenience Store War]‎^[1], Chinese version of 13億人の欲望をつかめ～中国コンビニ戦争～:
  
  「啥個道理要關了？」「因為合同到期。」 [Shanghainese, trad.]
  「啥个道理要关了？」「因为合同到期。」 [Shanghainese, simp.]
  "Why are we closing?" "The contract's expiring."
(mathematics) congruence (chiefly of matrix)

Synonyms

(contract):

edit

公約 / 公约 (gōngyuē)
券書 / 券书 (quànshū) (literary)
協定 / 协定 (xiédìng)
協議 / 协议 (xiéyì)
協議書 / 协议书 (xiéyìshū)
合約 / 合约 (héyuē)
契字 (Hokkien)
契約 / 契约 (qìyuē)
契約書 / 契约书 (qìyuēshū)
契紙 / 契纸 (qìzhǐ) (dialectal)
字契 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
條約 / 条约 (tiáoyuē)

(mathematics): (of shape) 全等 (quánděng), (of integer) 同餘／同余 (tóngyú)

Derived terms

保險合同 / 保险合同 (bǎoxiǎn hétong)
僱用合同 / 雇用合同 (gùyòng hétóng)
勞動合同 / 劳动合同 (láodòng hétóng)
就業合同 / 就业合同 (jiùyè hétóng)
工作合同 (gōngzuò hétóng)
準合同 / 准合同 (zhǔnhétóng)
經濟合同 / 经济合同 (jīngjì hétóng)
聘用合同 (pìnyòng hétóng)

Adjective

合同

(military) combined, united, joined
合同戰術／合同战术 ― hétóng zhànshù ― combined arms tactics

Japanese

Kanji in this term
合	同
ごう Grade: 2	どう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ごーどー [gòódóó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ɡo̞ːdo̞ː]

Noun

合(ごう)同(どう) • (gōdō)

union, combination
(mathematics) congruence (of matrix, integer, shape)
ellipsis of 合同誌

Verb

合(ごう)同(どう)する • (gōdō suru) suru (stem 合(ごう)同(どう)し (gōdō shi), past 合(ごう)同(どう)した (gōdō shita))

combine

Conjugation

Conjugation of "合同する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	合同し	ごうどうし	gōdō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	合同し	ごうどうし	gōdō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	合同する	ごうどうする	gōdō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	合同する	ごうどうする	gōdō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	合同すれ	ごうどうすれ	gōdō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	合同せよ¹ 合同しろ²	ごうどうせよ¹ ごうどうしろ²	gōdō seyo¹ gōdō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	合同される	ごうどうされる	gōdō sareru
Causative	合同させる合同さす	ごうどうさせるごうどうさす	gōdō saseru gōdō sasu
Potential	合同できる	ごうどうできる	gōdō dekiru
Volitional	合同しよう	ごうどうしよう	gōdō shiyō
Negative	合同しない	ごうどうしない	gōdō shinai
Negative continuative	合同せず	ごうどうせず	gōdō sezu
Formal	合同します	ごうどうします	gōdō shimasu
Perfective	合同した	ごうどうした	gōdō shita
Conjunctive	合同して	ごうどうして	gōdō shite
Hypothetical conditional	合同すれば	ごうどうすれば	gōdō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“合同”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
合	同

Noun

合同 • (hapdong) (hangeul 합동)

hanja form^? of 합동 (“congruence, collaboration”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
合	同

Noun

合同

chữ Hán form of hợp đồng (“contract”)