契約

See also: 契约

Chinese

		contract	appointment; agreement; to arrange appointment; agreement; to arrange; to restrict; approximately; weigh
trad. (契約)		契	約
simp. (契约)		契	约

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qìyuē

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ ㄩㄝ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kai³ joek³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khie-yok

(Hailu, HRS): kie^ˇ rhog

(Meixian, Guangdong): kê⁴ yog⁵
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ke⁴ yorh⁶ / ke⁴ yoeh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khòe-iok / khè-iak / khè-iok

(Teochew, Peng'im): koi³ ioh⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵chi-iaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qìyuē
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ ㄩㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cìyue
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴-yüeh¹
  - Yale: chì-ywē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chihiue
  - Palladius: циюэ (cijue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kai³ joek³
  - Yale: kai yeuk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kai³ joek⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: kei³ yêg³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯³³ jœːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khie-yok
  - Hakka Romanization System: kie iog^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kie⁴ yog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯e⁵⁵ i̯ok̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khie-yok
  - Hakka Romanization System: kie (r)iog^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kie⁴ yog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯e⁵⁵ (j)i̯ok̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kie^ˇ rhog
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰie¹¹ ʒok⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kê⁴ yog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰe⁵³⁻⁵⁵ iɔk̚¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ke⁴ yorh⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ka̤̍-io̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰe⁴² yɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ke⁴ yoeh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰe⁴² yøʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòe-iok
  - Tâi-lô: khuè-iok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoea'iog
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔk̚⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰue²¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khè-iak
  - Tâi-lô: khè-iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qea'iag
  - Sinological IPA (Yilan): /kʰe²¹⁻⁵³ iak̚²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰe²¹⁻⁵³ iak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khè-iok
  - Tâi-lô: khè-iok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qea'iog
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: koi³ ioh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khòi ioh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰoi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ioʔ²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵chi-iaq
  - MiniDict: chi^去 iah
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qi-iaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³³ iaʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: khejH 'jak

Rime
Character	契	約
Reading #	1/3	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	苦計切	於略切
Baxter	khejH	'jak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰei^H/	/ʔɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰei^H/	/ʔiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛi^H/	/ʔiɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛj^H/	/ʔɨak̚/
Li Rong	/kʰei^H/	/ʔiak̚/
Wang Li	/kʰiei^H/	/ĭak̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰiei^H/	/ʔi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qì	yue
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hai³	joek³

Noun

契約

contract; deed; agreement
訂立契約／订立契约 ― dìnglì qìyuē ― to conclude a contract

雙方經合意變更原契約內容。 [MSC, trad.]
双方经合意变更原契约内容。 [MSC, simp.]
Shuāngfāng jīng héyì biàngēng yuán qìyuē nèiróng. [Pinyin]
Both parties agree to change the content of the original contract.
- 契約既固，未旬，綜果降。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  契约既固，未旬，综果降。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wei Shou, Book of Wei, 551 – 554 CE
  Qìyuē jì gù, wèi xún, Zōng guǒ xiáng. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

edit

公約 / 公约 (gōngyuē)
券書 / 券书 (quànshū) (literary)
協定 / 协定 (xiédìng)
協議 / 协议 (xiéyì)
協議書 / 协议书 (xiéyìshū)
合同
合約 / 合约 (héyuē)
契字 (Hokkien)
契約書 / 契约书 (qìyuēshū)
契紙 / 契纸 (qìzhǐ) (dialectal)
字契 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
條約 / 条约 (tiáoyuē)

Derived terms

主契約 / 主契约
勞動契約 / 劳动契约
單務契約 / 单务契约
契約書 / 契约书 (qìyuēshū)
契約精神 / 契约精神 (qìyuē jīngshén)
契約說 / 契约说
契約農業 / 契约农业
定型化契約 / 定型化契约
定型化契約條款 / 定型化契约条款
工作契約 / 工作契约
承攬契約 / 承揽契约
有償契約 / 有偿契约
有名契約 / 有名契约
無償契約 / 无偿契约
社會契約 / 社会契约 (shèhuì qìyuē)
租賃契約 / 租赁契约
隨意契約 / 随意契约
雙務契約 / 双务契约

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (契約):

→ Japanese: 契約(けいやく) (keiyaku)
→ Korean: 계약(契約) (gyeyak)
→ Vietnamese: khế ước (契約)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
契	約
けい Grade: S	やく Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けーやく [kèéyákú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ke̞ːja̠kɯ̟]

Noun

契(けい)約(やく) • (keiyaku)

contract, agreement

Derived terms

仮契約(かりけいやく) (karikeiyaku)
競(きょう)争(そう)契約(けいやく) (kyōsō keiyaku)
契約(けいやく)書(しょ) (keiyakusho)
自己(じこ)契約(けいやく) (jiko keiyaku)
社(しゃ)会(かい)契(けい)約(やく) (shakai keiyaku, “social contract”)
出(しゅっ)版(ぱん)契約(けいやく) (shuppan keiyaku)
書(しょ)面(めん)契約(けいやく) (shomen keiyaku)
典型(てんけい)契約(けいやく) (tenkei keiyaku)
保(ほ)険(けん)契約(けいやく) (hoken keiyaku)
無(む)償(しょう)契約(けいやく) (mushō keiyaku)
有(ゆう)償(しょう)契約(けいやく) (yūshō keiyaku)
労働(ろうどう)契約(けいやく) (rōdō keiyaku)

Verb

契(けい)約(やく)する • (keiyaku suru) transitive suru (stem 契(けい)約(やく)し (keiyaku shi), past 契(けい)約(やく)した (keiyaku shita))

to enter into a contract
- 2025 May 7, 阿部弘樹 [Hiroki Abe], quotee, “第217回国会　衆議院　国土交通委員会　第12号　令和7年5月7日 [217th Diet House of Representatives Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Committee No. 12 May 7, 2025]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System]‎^[1], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library], retrieved 30 August 2025:
  帰属しないものを契約したって、そんなものは請求できるわけないじゃないですか。
  Kizoku shinai mono o keiyaku shitatte, sonna mono wa seikyū dekiru wake nai janai desu ka.
  Even if you sign a contract for something that doesn't belong to you, there's no way you can claim for it.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "契約する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	契約し	けいやくし	keiyaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	契約し	けいやくし	keiyaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	契約する	けいやくする	keiyaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	契約する	けいやくする	keiyaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	契約すれ	けいやくすれ	keiyaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	契約せよ¹ 契約しろ²	けいやくせよ¹ けいやくしろ²	keiyaku seyo¹ keiyaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	契約される	けいやくされる	keiyaku sareru
Causative	契約させる契約さす	けいやくさせるけいやくさす	keiyaku saseru keiyaku sasu
Potential	契約できる	けいやくできる	keiyaku dekiru
Volitional	契約しよう	けいやくしよう	keiyaku shiyō
Negative	契約しない	けいやくしない	keiyaku shinai
Negative continuative	契約せず	けいやくせず	keiyaku sezu
Formal	契約します	けいやくします	keiyaku shimasu
Perfective	契約した	けいやくした	keiyaku shita
Conjunctive	契約して	けいやくして	keiyaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	契約すれば	けいやくすれば	keiyaku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“契約”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
契	約

Noun

契約 • (gyeyak) (hangeul 계약)

hanja form^? of 계약 (“contract”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
契	約

Noun

契約

chữ Hán form of khế ước (“contract”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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