侵略

Chinese

		to invade; to infringe; to approach	plan; strategy; outline plan; strategy; outline; summary; slightly; rather; to rob; to plunder; to summarize
trad. (侵略)		侵	略
simp. ^#(侵略)		侵	略

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīnlüè

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣㄌㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cam¹ loek⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhîm-lio̍k

(Hailu, HRS): cim^ˋ liog^ˋ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhim-lio̍k / chhim-lia̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): cim⁵ liag⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīnlüè
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣㄌㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cinlyuè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin¹-lüeh⁴
  - Yale: chīn-lywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinliueh
  - Palladius: циньлюэ (cinʹljue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ ly̯ɛ⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    侵掠
    侵略
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cam¹ loek⁶
  - Yale: chām leuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsam¹ loek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cem¹ lêg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵ lœːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîm-lio̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: qim^ˊ liog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qim¹ liog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim²⁴⁻¹¹ li̯ok̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: cim^ˋ liog^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰim⁵³ liok²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-lio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tshim-lio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chimliok
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² liɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻³³ liɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰim³³ liɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhim-lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tshim-lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chimliak
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰim⁴⁴⁻²² liak̚¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cim⁵ liag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshîm lia̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰim⁵⁵⁻¹¹ liak̚⁴/

Verb

侵略

(transitive) to invade (to enter a region by force); to commit aggression

Synonyms

edit

佔據 / 占据 (zhànjù)
佔領 / 占领 (zhànlǐng)
侵佔 / 侵占 (qīnzhàn)
侵入 (qīnrù)
侵擾 / 侵扰 (qīnrǎo)
侵攻 (qīngōng)
侵犯 (qīnfàn)
入侵 (rùqīn)
攻略 (gōnglüè)
盤踞 / 盘踞 (pánjù)
進犯 / 进犯 (jìnfàn)

Derived terms

侵略主義 / 侵略主义 (qīnlüè zhǔyì)
侵略性 (qīnlüèxìng)
侵略者 (qīnlüèzhě)
侵略軍 / 侵略军 (qīnlüèjūn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (侵略):

→ Japanese: 侵略(しんりゃく) (shinryaku)
→ Korean: 침략(侵略) (chimnyak)
→ Vietnamese: xâm lược (侵略)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
侵	略
しん Grade: S	りゃく Grade: 5
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
侵掠

Etymology

略 is a daiyōji replacing 掠.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんりゃく [shìńryákú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩn̺ɾʲa̠kɯ̟]

Noun

侵(しん)略(りゃく) • (shinryaku)

Derived terms

侵略者(しんりゃくしゃ) (shinryakusha)
侵略的(しんりゃくてき) (shinryakuteki)

Verb

侵(しん)略(りゃく)する • (shinryaku suru) suru (stem 侵(しん)略(りゃく)し (shinryaku shi), past 侵(しん)略(りゃく)した (shinryaku shita))

to invade

Conjugation

Conjugation of "侵略する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	侵略し	しんりゃくし	shinryaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	侵略し	しんりゃくし	shinryaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	侵略する	しんりゃくする	shinryaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	侵略する	しんりゃくする	shinryaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	侵略すれ	しんりゃくすれ	shinryaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	侵略せよ¹ 侵略しろ²	しんりゃくせよ¹ しんりゃくしろ²	shinryaku seyo¹ shinryaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	侵略される	しんりゃくされる	shinryaku sareru
Causative	侵略させる侵略さす	しんりゃくさせるしんりゃくさす	shinryaku saseru shinryaku sasu
Potential	侵略できる	しんりゃくできる	shinryaku dekiru
Volitional	侵略しよう	しんりゃくしよう	shinryaku shiyō
Negative	侵略しない	しんりゃくしない	shinryaku shinai
Negative continuative	侵略せず	しんりゃくせず	shinryaku sezu
Formal	侵略します	しんりゃくします	shinryaku shimasu
Perfective	侵略した	しんりゃくした	shinryaku shita
Conjunctive	侵略して	しんりゃくして	shinryaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	侵略すれば	しんりゃくすれば	shinryaku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“侵略”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
侵	略

Noun

侵略 • (chimnyak) (hangeul 침략)

hanja form^? of 침략 (“aggression; invasion”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
侵	略

Noun

侵略

chữ Hán form of xâm lược (“aggression; invasion”)

Verb

侵略

chữ Hán form of xâm lược (“to invade”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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