उप-

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उप- (upa-).

उप- • (up-)

1. subordinate

   ‎उप- (up-) + ‎ग्रह (grah, “planet”) → ‎उपग्रह (upagrah, “moon, satellite”)

2. lesser, vice-

   ‎उप- (up-) + ‎राष्ट्रपति (rāṣṭrapti, “president”) → ‎उपराष्ट्रपति (uprāṣṭrapti, “vice president”)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit उप- (upa-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *upa-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upa-, from Proto-Indo-European *upo.

उप- • (up-)

1. subordinate; sub-

   ‎उप- (up-) + ‎ग्रह (grah, “planet”) → ‎उपग्रह (upagrah, “moon, satellite”)

2. lesser, vice-

   ‎उप- (up-) + ‎राष्ट्रपती (rāṣṭraptī, “president”) → ‎उपराष्ट्रपती (uprāṣṭraptī, “vice president”)

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “उप”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *upa-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upa-, from Proto-Indo-European *upo.^[1]

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ú.pɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /u.pɐ/

उप- • (upa-)

1. towards
2. near, with
3. under, below
4. like, proximate
5. subordinate
6. brother to
7. son to

Definitions 4–7 used exclusively with nouns.

Occasionally used with an implied verb, or placed after the verb rather than prefixing it.

• → Hindi: उप- (up-)
• → Punjabi: ਉਪ- (upa-)
• → Sindhi: اُپَـ (upa-)

• Monier Williams (1899), “उप-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0194, column 3.
• Monier Williams (1899), “उप-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0195, column 1.