گل

See also: كل, کل, کُل, and گُل

Bakhtiari

Alternative forms

یل (yel), ل (el)

Etymology

Cognate with Southern Kurdish گل (gil), Southwestern Fars گل, Persian .

Suffix

گل (gel)

A suffix forming the plural of an animate noun.
korgel meīne howne bīn
The boys were in the house

Khalaj

Noun

گُل (gul) (definite accusative گُلوُ, plural گُللار)

Arabic spelling of gul (“flower”)

Declension

Declension of
	singular	plural
nominative	گل	گللار
genitive	گلؽݧ	گللارؽݧ
dative	گلقا	گللارقا
definite accusative	گلؽ	گللارؽ
locative	گلچا	گللارچا
ablative	گلدا	گللاردا
instrumental	گللا	گللارلا
equative	گلواره	گللارواره

Laki

Noun

گل (gil)

flower

Mazanderani

Etymology 1

Cognate with Classical Persian (garza, “rat”).

Noun

گل (gal)

mouse

Etymology 2

From Persian (gol). Displaced native Old Mazanderani ول (*vel).

Noun

گل (gël)

flower

Persian

FWOTD – 4 August 2019

Etymology 1

Inherited from Late Middle Persian gwl (gul, “rose, flower”), from Old Persian *vr̥dah.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡul/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡul̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥ol̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡul]

Readings
Classical reading^?	gul
Dari reading^?	gul
Iranian reading^?	gol
Tajik reading^?	gul

Rhymes: -ol

Noun

گل • (gul / gol) (plural گل‌ها (gul-hā / gol-hâ), Tajik spelling гул)

flower
(archaic, literary) rose
Synonyms: گل سرخ (gol-e sorx), رز (roz)
- 940-1020, فردوسی [firdawsī], شهنامه [šahnāma]:
  زن شیر از آن نامه شهریار
  چو رخشنده گل شد به وقت بهار
  zan-i šēr az ān nāma-yi šahryār
  čū raxšanda-gul šud ba waqt-i bahār
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  (Classical Persian transliteration)
- 1325-1389, حافظ [hāfiz], دیوان حافظ [dēwān-i hāfiz]:
  صبحدم مرغ چمن با گل نوخاسته گفت
  ناز کم کن که در این باغ بسی چون تو شکفت
  subhdam murġ-i čaman bā gul-i nawxāsta guft
  nāz kam kun ki dar īn bāġ basē čūn tū šukuft
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  (Classical Persian transliteration)
the core of a watermelon (the sweetest part)

Derived terms

ترگل (targol)
نارگل (nârgol)
نازگل (nâzgol)
گل سرخ (gol-e sorx)
گل و بلبل (gol-o-bolbol)
گل کلم (gol-e kalam)
گلاب (golâb)
گلبرگ (golbarg)
گلدان (goldân)
گلزار (golzâr)
گلستان (golestân)
گلشن (golšan)
گلپر (golpar)
گلچه (golče)
گلگون (gol-gun)
گل‌کاری (gol-kâri)
گل‌گلی (gol-goli)

Descendants

→ Arabic: جُلّ (jull)
→ Bashkir: гөл (göl)
→ Bengali: গুল (gul)
→ Chagatai: گل (gül)
- Uyghur: گۈل (gül)
- Uzbek: gul
→ Gilaki: گل (gul)
→ Gujarati: ગુલ (gul)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: गुल (gul)

Urdu: گل (gul)
→ Ishkashimi: [script needed] (gul)
→ Kashmiri: गुल (gul)
→ Kazakh: гүл (gül)
→ Khalaj: gul
→ Kyrgyz: гүл (gül)
→ Mandaic: ࡂࡅࡋ (gul)
→ Northern Kurdish: gul
→ Old Anatolian Turkish: كل (gül)
- Azerbaijani: gül
- Gagauz: gül
- Ottoman Turkish: گل (gül)
  - Turkish: gül
  - → Armenian: կիւլ (kiwl), գյուլ (gyul)
  - → Laz: გჲული (gyuli), ჯული (culi) — Okordule
  - → Macedonian: ѓул (ǵul)
  - → Romanian: ghiul
  - → Serbo-Croatian: ђул / đul
  - → Albanian: gjylë
→ Parachi: ګل (gul)
→ Pashto: ګل (gul)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਗੁਲ (gul)

Shahmukhi script: گل (gul)
→ Sanglechi: gɛl
→ Sarikoli: gəl
→ Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (gel)
→ Shughni: гул (gul)
→ Sindhi: گل (gulu)
→ Turkmen: gül
→ Wakhi: gul, gыl
→ Yazghulami: г̊ол (g̊ol)
→ Yidgha: گل (gul)

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian TYNA / gl (gil).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡil/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡɪl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡil̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲel̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡil]

Readings
Classical reading^?	gil
Dari reading^?	gil
Iranian reading^?	gel
Tajik reading^?	gil

Noun

گل • (gil / gel) (plural گل‌ها (gil-hā / gel-hâ), Tajik spelling гил)

Derived terms

کاه‌گل (kâh-gel)
کاه‌گلی (kâh-geli)
گل لگد کردن (gel lagad kardan)
گل و لای (gel-o-lây)
گلی (geli)
گل‌آلود (gel-âlud)
گل‌مالی (gel-mâli)

Descendants

Tajik: гил (gil)
→ Armenian: (dialectal) գիլ (gil)
→ Azerbaijani: gil
→ Gujarati: ગિલ (gil)
→ Ottoman Turkish: كیل (gil, kil)
- Turkish: kil

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “gil”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English goal.

Pronunciation

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥ol̥]

Readings
Iranian reading^?	gol

Noun


Dari	گول
Iranian Persian	گل
Tajik	гол

گل • (gol) (plural گل‌ها (gol-hâ))

(chiefly Iran, sports, soccer) goal

Derived terms

پرگل (por-gol)
گل خوردن (gol xordan)
گل زدن (gol zadan)
گل کوچیک (gol kučik)
گل‌زن (gol-zan)
گل‌نزن (gol-nazan)

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡul̥]

Readings
Dari reading^?	gul

Adjective

گل • (gul) (Dari, colloquial)

(Hazaragi, Kabuli) off, disabled

Derived terms

گل کردن (gul kardan, “to turn off”)

Etymology 5

Borrowed from French Gaule.

Proper noun

گل • (gol)

(Iran) synonym of (gâliyâ)

Punjabi

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀕𑀮𑀳𑀸 (galahā) (Kalsi), from Sanskrit गर्हा (garhā).

Noun

گَلّ • (gall) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗੱਲ)

topic; matter (of a conversation)
Synonym: بات (bāt)
saying; quote (ie. the recollection of something said, as opposed to a renowned or popular saying)

Declension

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Declension of گل
	singular	plural
direct	گَلّ (gall)	گَلّاں (gallāṉ)
oblique	گَلّ (gall)	گَلّاں (gallāṉ)
vocative	گَلّے (galle)	گَلّو (gallo)
ablative	گَلّوں (galloṉ)	—
locative	گَلّی (gallī)	گَلِّیں (galliīṉ)
instrumental	گَلّے (galle)	گَلِّیں (galliīṉ)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Prakrit 𑀕𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (gilla)

Punjabi گل

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀕𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮 (gilla).

Proper noun

گِلّ • (gill) m or f (Gurmukhi spelling ਗਿੱਲ)

a Punjabi surname, Gill

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (gul).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡʊlʊ]

Noun

گُلُ • (gulu) m (Devanagari गुलु)

References

Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988), “گُلُ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

Urdu

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit गल (gala).

Noun

گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit गल् (gal).

Noun

گل • (gal) m (Hindi spelling गल)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian (gil).

Noun

گل • (gil) f (Hindi spelling गिल)

earth, mud, silt, clay
bole

Etymology 4

Etymology tree

Proto-Iranian *wardah

Old Persian *vr̥dah

Middle Persian gwl (gul)

Classical Persian (gul)bor.

Urdu گُل

Borrowed from Classical Persian (gul).

Noun

گُل • (gul) m (Hindi spelling गुल)

flower
باغوں میں گُل کِھلے ہَیں۔
bāġõ mẽ gul khile ha͠i.
Flowers have bloomed in the gardens.
rose
گُلِ گُلْزار ― gul-i gulzār ― Rose from the flowerbed

Declension

Declension of گل
	singular	plural
direct	گل (gul)	گل (gul)
oblique	گل (gul)	گلوں (gulõ)
vocative	گل (gul)	گلو (gulo)

Derived terms

گلبدن (gulbadan, “having a rosy body”)
گلدان (guldān, “flowerpot; vase”)
گلدستہ (guldastā, “bouquet”)
گلگون (gulgūn, “rose-colored; pink”)

References

Platts, John T. (1884), “گل”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Bakhtiari

Alternative forms

Etymology

Suffix

Khalaj

Noun

Declension

Laki

Noun

Mazanderani

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Persian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Adjective

Derived terms

Etymology 5

Proper noun

Punjabi

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Proper noun

Further reading

Sindhi

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Urdu

Etymology 1

Noun

Etymology 2

Noun

Etymology 3

Noun

Etymology 4

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References