نوکر
Chagatai
Alternative forms
- 𐽺𐾂𐽳𐽷𐽰𐽾 (ṅwkʾr /nökär/) — Old Uyghur script
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle Mongol ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ (nökür). The pronunciation as /näwkär/ is mediated through Classical Persian نَوْکَر (nawkar) instead.
Noun
نوکر • (nwkr /nökär/ or nwkr /näwkär/) (plural نوکرلار (nökärlär))
Descendants
- Uyghur: نەۋكەر (newker)
- Uzbek:
- Latin script: navkar
- Afghan Uzbek: نَوْکَر (navkar)
Further reading
- el-Buhari, Süleyman Özbeki (1881), “نوکر”, in لغت چغتای و ترکی عثمانی [Ottoman Turkish-Chagatai Dictionary][1] (in Ottoman Turkish), volume 1, page 283
- Vámbery, Ármin (1867), “نوکر”, in Ćagataische sprachstudien[2] (in German), Leipzig, F. A. Brockhaus, page 342
- Courteille, Abel Pavet de (1870), “نوکر”, in Dictionnaire turk-oriental [Eastern Turkic Dictionary][3] (in French), Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, page 510
Middle Mongol
Etymology
Arabic script spelling of ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ (nökür).
Noun
نوکر (nwkr /nöker/)
References
- Poppe, Nicholas (1938), Mongolʹskij Slovarʹ Mukaddimat al-Adab[4] (in Russian), page 216
Persian
Etymology
Via some Turkic source, compare Azerbaijani nökər (“servant”), Turkmen nöker, Uzbek navkar. Ultimately from Middle Mongol ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ (nökür /nökör/), from Proto-Mongolic *nökör (“friend”). Compare Modern Mongolian нөхөр (nöxör, “friend”).
The meaning of “servant” is owing to a semantic shift that happened in Turkic words borrowed from Mongolic; the Persian word was loaned from one of such Turkic words with the altered meaning.
| Dari | نوکر |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | навкар |
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /naw.ˈkar/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [näw.kʰáɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [now.kʰʲǽɹ]
- (Tehrani) IPA(key): [no.kʰʲǽɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [näw.kʰáɾ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | nawkar |
| Dari reading? | nawkar |
| Iranian reading? | nowkar |
| Tajik reading? | navkar |
Noun
نوکر • (nawkar / nowkar) (plural نوکرها (nawkar-hā / nowkar-hâ), or نواکر (nawākir / navâker), Tajik spelling навкар)
Descendants
Further reading
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “نوکر”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian نوکر (nawkar).
Noun
نوکر • (naukar) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਨੌਕਰ)
- servant (clarification of this definition is needed.)
- employee (clarification of this definition is needed.)
Derived terms
- نوکری (naukarī)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian نوکر (nawkar).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /nɔː.kəɾ/
- Rhymes: -əɾ
Noun
نَوکَر • (naukar) m or f (Hindi spelling नौकर)
Synonyms
Derived terms
See also
Ushojo
Etymology
Noun
نوکر (naukar)