ش

ش U+0634, ش ARABIC LETTER SHEEN ← س [U+0633] Arabic ص → [U+0635]

Isolated form	Final form	Medial form	Initial form
ش	ـش	ـشـ	شـ

ﺵ U+FEB5, ﺵ ARABIC LETTER SHEEN ISOLATED FORM ← ﺴ [U+FEB4] Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﺶ → [U+FEB6]

ﺶ U+FEB6, ﺶ ARABIC LETTER SHEEN FINAL FORM ← ﺵ [U+FEB5] Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﺷ → [U+FEB7]

ﺷ U+FEB7, ﺷ ARABIC LETTER SHEEN INITIAL FORM ← ﺶ [U+FEB6] Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﺸ → [U+FEB8]

ﺸ U+FEB8, ﺸ ARABIC LETTER SHEEN MEDIAL FORM ← ﺷ [U+FEB7] Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﺹ → [U+FEB9]

• (Name of letter) IPA^(key): /ʃen/, [cen]
• (Phoneme) IPA^(key): /ʃ/, [c]

ش (syén or cén)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Acehnese alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

• Arabic script letters: حرف (haraih, harah) (script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ة, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ڠ, ف, ڤ, ق, ک, ݢ, ل, م, ن, و, ۏ, ه, ء, ي, ى, ڽ ^[edit]

From Proto-Semitic *šinn- (“tooth”), the source of سن (sinn). The association of "tooth" with this letter was the result of folk etymology and based on the corresponding Phoenician letter, 𐤔 (š), having a shape resembling a tooth. The letter originally depicted a composite bow, which usually has the tips curving away from the archer when unstrung.^[1][2]

Related to Classical Syriac ܫ, Hebrew ש, Phoenician 𐤔 (š), Russian ш (š), Aramaic ܫ. More at Shin. It is the only letter of the Arabic alphabet with three dots with a letter corresponding to a letter in the Northwest Semitic abjad or the Phoenician alphabet.

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ʃiːn/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʃ/

ش / ش‍ / ‍ش‍ / ‍ش • (šīn) (no case)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س (s) and followed by ص (ṣ).

ش / ش‍ / ‍ش‍ / ‍ش • (šīn)

1. The twenty-first numeral symbol of the Arabic alphabet (traditional abjad order, used for list numbering), written in the Arabic script; preceded by ر (r) and followed by ت (t).

• Arabic script letters: حُرُوف (ḥurūf) (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ث, ج, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ك, ل, م, ن, ه, و, ي ^[edit]
• Wikipedia article on the Arabic alphabet
• Search for entries beginning with ش

• IPA^(key): /ʃ/, [ʃ]

ش (transliteration needed) (no case)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Balti alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

• IPA^(key): /ɕ/, [ɕ]

ش (ś) (no case)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

• IPA^(key): /ʂ/, [ʂ], [ɕ]

ش (no case)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Xiao'erjing abjad, written in the Arabic script.

• This letter is also used to represent Pinyin initial x-.

Inherited from Arabic ش (š).

• IPA^(key): /ʃ/, [ʃ]
• IPA^(key): /ʒ/, [ʒ] (voice-assimilated)

ش • (š) (no case)

1. The thirteenth letter of the Egyptian Arabic alphabet, called شين (šīn) and written in the Arabic script.

Shortened from Arabic شَيْء (šayʔ, “thing”).

• IPA^(key): /ʃ/, [ʃ]
• IPA^(key): /ʃi/, [ʃi]
• IPA^(key): /iʃ/, [eʃ] (after a consonant cluster)

ـش • (-š)

1. Negates a verb. [with ما- (ma-, + verb)]

Clipping of شنو (šinu). Compare Moroccan Arabic ش (š, “what”), Maltese x’ (“what”).

• IPA^(key): /ʃ/

ش (š)

1. (interrogative) what

   شاسمك ؟ (to a male) ― šismak? ― What's your name?

2. regardless of, no matter [with ما]

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ʃiːn/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʃ/

ش • (ś) (no case)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Kashmiri alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ص.

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ʃiːn/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʃ/

ش • (ş) (no case, Cyrillic equivalent Ш or ш)

1. The twelfth letter of the Kazakh alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ع.

• Arabic script letters: әріптер (ärıpter) (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ج, چ, ح, د, ر, ز, س, ش, ع, ف, ق, ك, گ, ڭ, ل, م, ن, ە, ھ, و, ۇ, ۋ, ۆ, ى, ي ^[edit]

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ʃin/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʃ/

ش (šīn) (no case)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Khowar alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ݰ.

• (Name of letter) IPA^(key): [ʃin]
• (Phoneme) IPA^(key): [ʃ]

ش / ش‍ / ‍ش‍ / ‍ش (no case)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

• Arabic script letters (alphabet appendix, script appendix): ا, ب, ت, ة, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ڠ, ف, ڤ, ق, ک, ݢ, ل, م, ن, و, ۏ, ه, ء, ي, ى, ڽ ^[edit]

Clipping of شِي (šī, “thing”) from the construction ما (ma, “not”) +‎ ... +‎ شي (šī, “one bit”, literally “a thing”), bleached in the process of Jespersen's Cycle.

• IPA^(key): /-ʃ/, /-iʃ/

ـش • (-š)

1. (regional, rural) Negates verbs or occasionally other parts of speech

• Lengthens final vowels and stresses them as other suffixes do, except around the Lebanese area of Keserwan, where it attaches directly to short final vowels without affecting their length. Compare:
  • Unnegated forms: يحكوا (yiḥku, yiḥko, “(that) they talk”), يزيدولا (yzīdūla, “(that) they add to it”)
  • Traditional negation around Keserwan: ما يحكُش (ma yiḥkoš, “so that they don't talk”), ما يزيدولَش (ma yzīdūlaš, “so they don't add to it”)
  • Negation typical of other regions: ما يحكوش (ma yiḥkūš, “so that they don't talk”), ما يزيدولاش (ma yzīdūlāš, yzīdūlēš, “so that they don't add to it”).
• Similarly, contracts final superheavy syllables except around the area of Keserwan: ما كانش (ma kēnš, in Keserwan) vs. ما كنش (ma kanš, elsewhere) when negating كان (kān, kēn, “it was”).
• Most Levantine dialects have dropped the historical ـه (-h) of the third-person masculine pronoun after word-final vowels, as in بياكلوه (byāklū, “they eat it”, typically no longer *byāklūh), leaving only the final vowel's residual length and stress to indicate the pronoun's presence. However, ـش (-š) tends to resurface the ـه (-h). For example, the negated form of بياكلوه (byāklū, “they eat it”) is typically بياكلوهوش (byāklūhūš, “they don't eat it”), and in South Lebanon بياكلُهش (byākluhš, byēkluhš, “they don't eat it”).
• ـش (-š) is typically used in a circumfix construction with ما (ma, negator) or أ (ʔa-, negator). Alternatively, it may also be used by itself with no preceding negator. In South Lebanon, this third option is allowed in the past tense, unlike in general South Levantine usage as described below.

The prefixed form is said to be from substrate Aramaic ש־ (š-, causative prefix), whose use was evidently later extended to Arabic-origin verbs as well. Its eventual ancestor, Proto-Semitic *ša- (causative prefix), also yielded the ـسـ (-s-) at the beginning of Form X and the original Arabic أَ (ʔa-) of form IV, although the latter was generally reduced to zero in North Levantine dialects.

The suffixed form, which is rare enough that Anis Freiha identifies only three of the below words for it,^[1] may be from the prefixed form via a kind of metathesis.

شـ • (š-)

1. (no longer productive) Extension for triliteral roots that imparts a causative meaning: شَفْعَل (šafʕal; šaCCaC)

ـش • (-š)

1. (not productive) Extension for triliteral roots: فَعْلَش (faʕlaš; CaCCaš)

ش • (š) (no case)^[1]

1. (Middle Belarusian Arabica) A letter of the Old Ruthenian alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

• Arabic script letters (script appendix): ا, ب, پ, ت, ث, ج, چ, ح, د, ࢮ, ر, ز, ژ, ش, ࢯ, ص, ض, ط, ع, غ, ف, ق, ك, ل, م, ن, ه, و, ي (خ, ذ, ڛ, س, ظ, ء) ^[edit]

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ʃin/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʃ/

ش • (šin) (no case)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Pashto alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ښ.

شٍ • (šin) (no case)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Persian alphabet, called شین and written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ص.

• Gurmukhi letter: ਸ਼ (śa)

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ʃiːn̪/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʃᵊ/

ش • (šīn) (no case)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Punjabi alphabet, written in the Shahmukhi script; preceded by س (sīn) and followed by ص (ṣwāt).

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ʃiːn/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʃ/

ش • (śīn) (no case)

1. The thirtieth letter of the Sindhi alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ص.

• Arabic script letters: اکر (akharu) (script appendix): ا, ب, ٻ, ڀ, ت, ٿ, ٽ, ٺ, ث, پ, ج, ڄ, جھ, ڃ, چ, ڇ, ح, خ, د, ڌ, ڏ, ڊ, ڍ, ذ, ر, ڙ, ڙھ, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ف, ڦ, ق, ڪ, ک, گ, ڳ, گھ, ڱ, ل, م, ن, ڻ, و, ه, ء, ي ^[edit]

Clipping of شِي (šī, “thing”) from the construction ما (ma, “not”) +‎ ... +‎ شي (šī, “one bit”), bleached in the process of Jespersen's Cycle.

• IPA^(key): /ʃ/, [ʃ]

ـش • (-š)

1. don't, didn't (negation of verbs)

   Synonyms: ما (mā), (imperative) لا (la)

   بحكيش إنكليزي ― biḥkīš ʔinglīzi ― he doesn't speak English

   Audio (Ramallah):

   (file)

   ما بحكيش إنكليزي ― ma biḥkīš ʔinglīzi ― he doesn't speak English

   Audio (Ramallah):

   (file)

   تنساش ― tinsāš ― don't forget

   Audio (Ramallah):

   (file)

   ما تنساش ― ma tinsāš ― don't forget

   Audio (Ramallah):

   (file)

   ما كتبش ― ma katabš ― he didn't write

   Audio (Ramallah):

   (file)

• ـش (-š) shifts the stress to the end of the verbal phrase, lengthening final vowels.
• ـش (-š) may be used by itself or together with ما (ma); in the past tense, however, ما (ma) is required.

• مش (miš)

• (letter name): (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃiːn/
• (phoneme): (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃ/

ش • (śīn) (no case)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Urdu alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ص.

From Classical Persian ـش (-iš).

ـش • (-iś)

1. A suffix used in many nouns borrowed from Persian, and also in certain native words. This is a rough equivalent of -tion or -ment, making a noun for the action of the verb.

Persian nouns ending in a long vowel that add ـیـ (-y-) in Persian before this suffix, usually become ـئـ (-i-) due to modified pronunciation. In certain instances, ـیـ (-i-) remains or is one of the acceptable spellings. For example, Persian آزمایش (âzmâyeš) is normally spelled as Urdu آزمائش (āzmāiś).

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ʃe/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʃ/

ش • (she) (no case)

1. The fourteenth letter of the Uyghur alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by غ.

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ʃí/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ʃ/

ش (transliteration needed) (no case, Latin equivalent Ṣ or ṣ (Nigeria) or Sh or Sh (Benin))

1. The twenty-first letter of the Yoruba alphabet, written in the Arabic script; preceded by س and followed by ت.