vincio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wi-n-k-, from the root *weyk- (“to curve, bend”) and the nasal infix *-n-. The nasal infix spread from the present stem to the perfect and supine stem. Per De Vaan 2008, the original present stem would have been Proto-Italic *wink-(e/o-)[1] which would have regularly given Latin third-conjugation vincō, vincere, homophonous with vincō (“win; defeat”). (In fact, De Vaan argues that these verbs probably come from the same root.[2]) The origin of the Latin fourth-conjugation present stem vincī- is unclear. De Vaan 2008 suggests this stem could have been taken from a derived noun *wink-i- or *wink-io-. (Compare prōvincia, apparently from the feminine of an adjective *prō-wink-io-.) Alternatively, Meiser 2003 argues that the present stems of vinciō and sanciō developed via back-formation from the perfect stems vīnxī and sānxī.[3] Cognate with vicis, vicia, Ancient Greek εἴκω (eíkō).

Pronunciation

Verb

vinciō (present infinitive vincīre, perfect active vīnxī, supine vīnctum); fourth conjugation

  1. to bind, tie up, fetter
    Synonyms: cōnstringo, illigo, ligō, necto, colligo
  2. to lace, fasten
  3. to surround, guard

Conjugation

   Conjugation of vinciō (fourth conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present vinciō vincīs vincit vincīmus vincītis vinciunt
imperfect vinciēbam vinciēbās vinciēbat vinciēbāmus vinciēbātis vinciēbant
future vinciam vinciēs vinciet vinciēmus vinciētis vincient
perfect vīnxī vīnxistī vīnxit vīnximus vīnxistis vīnxērunt,
vīnxēre
pluperfect vīnxeram vīnxerās vīnxerat vīnxerāmus vīnxerātis vīnxerant
future perfect vīnxerō vīnxeris vīnxerit vīnxerimus vīnxeritis vīnxerint
passive present vincior vincīris,
vincīre 		vincītur vincīmur vincīminī vinciuntur
imperfect vinciēbar vinciēbāris,
vinciēbāre 		vinciēbātur vinciēbāmur vinciēbāminī vinciēbantur
future vinciar vinciēris,
vinciēre 		vinciētur vinciēmur vinciēminī vincientur
perfect vīnctus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect vīnctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect vīnctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present vinciam vinciās vinciat vinciāmus vinciātis vinciant
imperfect vincīrem vincīrēs vincīret vincīrēmus vincīrētis vincīrent
perfect vīnxerim vīnxerīs vīnxerit vīnxerīmus vīnxerītis vīnxerint
pluperfect vīnxissem vīnxissēs vīnxisset vīnxissēmus vīnxissētis vīnxissent
passive present vinciar vinciāris,
vinciāre 		vinciātur vinciāmur vinciāminī vinciantur
imperfect vincīrer vincīrēris,
vincīrēre 		vincīrētur vincīrēmur vincīrēminī vincīrentur
perfect vīnctus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect vīnctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — vincī — — vincīte —
future — vincītō vincītō — vincītōte vinciuntō
passive present — vincīre — — vincīminī —
future — vincītor vincītor — — vinciuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present vincīre vincīrī vinciēns —
future vīnctūrum esse vīnctum īrī vīnctūrus vinciendus,
vinciundus
perfect vīnxisse vīnctum esse — vīnctus
future perfect — vīnctum fore — —
perfect potential vīnctūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
vinciendī vinciendō vinciendum vinciendō vīnctum vīnctū

Derived terms

Descendants

  • →? Italian: vincire, ⇒ avvincere, vincibosco, >? vincido

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vinciō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 679
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vincō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 680-681
  3. ^ Meiser, Gerhard (2003), Veni, vidi, vici: die Vorgeschichte des lateinischen Perfektsystems, page 122

Further reading

  • “vincio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “vincio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “vincio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to make a speech rhythmical: numeris orationem astringere, vincire
    • (ambiguous) in everything nature defies imitation: in omni re vincit imitationem veritas
    • (ambiguous) the majority were of the opinion..: sententia vincit (Liv. 2. 4. 3)
    • (ambiguous) to be defeated in fight, lose the battle: proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1130
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