Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyḱ-

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*weyk-^[1]^[2]

to sift, separate

Alternative reconstructions

*h₂weyk-^[2]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyk- (separate) (5 c, 0 e)

*wi-né-k-ti ~ wi-n-k-énti (nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *winákti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *winákti
    - Sanskrit: विनक्ति (vinákti, “to winnow; to discern”)
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - >? Hittite: 𒄷𒌋𒉌𒅅𒍣 (ḫu-u-ni-ik-zi, “strikes”) (if originally “to select a sacrificial animal”)^[2]
? *wi-wéyk-ti ~ *wi-wik-énti (reduplicated athematic present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wiwaikti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wiwaikti
    - Sanskrit: विवेक्षि (vivekṣi, 2sg.) (meaning disputed, probably from root विष् (viṣ, “to work, be active”)^[3])
*wik-néh₂-ti
- Proto-Germanic: *wikkōną (“to practice sorcery”) (see there for further descendants)
*wéyk-o-s
- Proto-Germanic: *wīhaz (“sacred”) (see there for further descendants)
*wik-tm̥mó-
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: victima (“sacrificial victim”) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?1. *u̯ei̯k- ‘aussieben’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 670
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VEC trennen, sondern, sieben, rütteln, sichten”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 576f.
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VEṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 585-6

Root

*weyk- (perfective)^[1]

to overcome

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyk- (contain) (23 c, 0 e)

*wik-é-ti (zero-grade thematic root present)^[1]
- Proto-Celtic: *wiketi (“to fight”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *wiganą (“to fight”) (see there for further descendants)
*wi-né-k-ti ~ *wi-n-k-énti (nasal-infix present)^[1]
- Proto-Italic: *winkō
  - Latin: vincō (“to defeat”)
*wéyk-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: vei̇̃kti (“to do, work”)
  - Samogitian: vēktė
*wéyk-tōr ~ *wik-tr-és
- Italic: *wiktōr
  - Latin: victor (“victor”)
*wóyk-os
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wáikas
  - Lithuanian: viẽkas (“strength, age”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *věkъ (“age”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: vīkt (“bend”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *u̯ei̯k- ‘überwinden, besiegen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 670f.

Root

*weyk-^[1]^[2]

to be fitting, to equal

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyk- (become equal) (1 c, 0 e)

*we-wóyk-e (perfect)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔοικα (éoika, “to resemble”)
*wik-sḱé-ti (sḱé-present)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἴσκω (ískō, “to imitate”)
*wéyk-ō ~ *wik-nés
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: εἰκών (eikṓn, “image”)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “3. u̯eik- ‚zutreffen, gleichkommen‘”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1129
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἔοικα, ἴσκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 435, 600

Root

*weyk-^[1]

to curve, bend
to exchange

Alternative reconstructions

*weyg-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyk- (curve) (10 c, 0 e)

*wéyk-e-ti (root present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *wéikō
  - >? Ancient Greek: εἴκω (eíkō, “to yield, give way”) (could be from *weyg- (“to go away”) too)
*wi-né-k-ti ~ *wi-n-k-énti (nasal-infix present)
- Latin: vinciō (“to bind, tie up”)
*wík-s
- Proto-Italic: *wiks
  - Latin: vicis (“turn, occasion”, genitive singular) (see there for further descendants)
*wéyk-s (root noun)
- ⇒? Proto-Italic: *ker-weiks (literally “where the head turns”) (+ *ḱérh₂-s (“head”))
  - Latin: cervīx (“neck”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian: *uig-^[2]
- Albanian: vig (“stretcher”)
  - Albanian: vigan (“giant”)
Celtic:^[3]
- Brythonic:
  - Middle Cornish: gwihan sg
    - Cornish: gwigh (“periwinkles, whelks”)
  - Welsh: gwichiad (“periwinkle”)
- Old Irish: fáecha/fáechan (“periwinkle”)
  - Irish: faocha/faochóg
  - Manx: feoghaig/fughage^[4]
  - Scottish Gaelic: faochag^[5]
Proto-Germanic: *wihslaz (“change”)
Proto-Germanic: *wīkwaną (“to yield, retreat”)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wíkti
- Proto-Iranian: *wíxti
  - Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬘 (vij, “to shake”)
  - Middle Persian:[script needed] (wyc- /⁠wēz-⁠/, “to swing, fling, sprinkle”)
  - > Proto-Iranian: *ṷi-wíxti:
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (whyc /⁠wihēz⁠/, “to move, progress”), [script needed] (whyck' /⁠wihēzag⁠/, “intercalary month”)
      - Persian: بهیزه (behize, “intercalary month in the Zoroastrian calendar”)
  - Sodgian:
    Christian Sogdian: ܘܝܨ (wyc /⁠wēč⁠/, “to move, shake”)
    
    Buddhaist Sogdian: 𐼴𐼷𐼿 (wyc /⁠wēč⁠/, “to move, shake”)
  - Persian:بیختن (bixtan, “to shake”) , آویختن (âvixtan, “to hang, suspend”)
  - Baluchi:گتک (gētk, “to put, swim, turn towards, abort”)
  - Zazaki: vijyanyış (vīžyāyiš, “to come out, appear”)
Proto-Italic: *wikjā
- >? Latin: vicia (“vetch”) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “4. u̯eig-, u̯eik- (Erweiterung von u̯ei- ,biegen‘).”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1130
^ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “vig”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[3] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 418
^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “gwichiad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
^ “feoghaig” in Phil Kelly, Fockleyr Gaelg-Baarle, 1991; reproduced on Fockleyreen: Manx - English Dictionary, 2 December 2014, →OCLC.
^ Edward Dwelly (1911), “faochag”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?1. *u̯ei̯k- ‘aussieben’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 670

[EWAia-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VEC trennen, sondern, sieben, rütteln, sichten”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 576f.

[3] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VEṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 585-6

[LIV-4] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *u̯ei̯k- ‘überwinden, besiegen’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 670f.

[5] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “3. u̯eik- ‚zutreffen, gleichkommen‘”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1129

[6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἔοικα, ἴσκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 435, 600

[7] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “4. u̯eig-, u̯eik- (Erweiterung von u̯ei- ,biegen‘).”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1130

[8] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “vig”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[3] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 418

[9] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “gwichiad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[10] “feoghaig” in Phil Kelly, Fockleyr Gaelg-Baarle, 1991; reproduced on Fockleyreen: Manx - English Dictionary, 2 December 2014, →OCLC.

[11] Edward Dwelly (1911), “faochag”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyk-

Proto-Indo-European

Root

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Root

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Root

Derived terms

References

Root

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms

References