tosaigh
Irish
Etymology 1
From tosach (“beginning”) + -igh. Finite forms are not attested until Early Modern Irish, though the verbal noun is attested as early as Old Irish tossogod.[1]
Alternative forms
- toisigh, tosnaigh, túsaigh
- tosnuigh, tosuigh, túsuigh (superseded)
Pronunciation
- (Munster) IPA(key): /ˈt̪ˠɞsˠɪɟ/
- (Galway) IPA(key): /ˈt̪ˠosˠə/[2], /ˈt̪ˠɞsˠə/[3]
- (Mayo) see: toisigh
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈt̪ˠɔsˠi(ː)/[4] and see: toisigh
Verb
tosaigh (present analytic tosaíonn, future analytic tosóidh, verbal noun tosú, past participle tosaithe) (ambitransitive)
Conjugation
| indicative | singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present | tosaím | tosaíonn tú; tosaír† |
tosaíonn sé, sí | tosaímid; tosaíonn muid |
tosaíonn sibh | tosaíonn siad; tosaíd† |
a thosaíonn; a thosaíos | tosaítear |
| past | thosaigh mé; thosaíos | thosaigh tú; thosaís | thosaigh sé, sí | thosaíomar; thosaigh muid | thosaigh sibh; thosaíobhair | thosaigh siad; thosaíodar | a thosaigh | tosaíodh |
| past habitual | thosaínn / tosaínn‡ |
thosaíteá / tosaíteᇠ|
thosaíodh sé, sí / tosaíodh sé, sí‡ |
thosaímis; thosaíodh muid / tosaímis‡; tosaíodh muid‡ |
thosaíodh sibh / tosaíodh sibh‡ |
thosaídís; thosaíodh / tosaídís‡; tosaíodh siad‡ |
a thosaíodh | thosaítí / tosaítí‡ |
| singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| future | tosóidh mé; tosód; tosóchaidh mé† |
tosóidh tú; tosóir†; tosóchaidh tú† |
tosóidh sé, sí; tosóchaidh sé, sí† |
tosóimid; tosóidh muid; tosóchaimid†; tosóchaidh muid† |
tosóidh sibh; tosóchaidh sibh† |
tosóidh siad; tosóid†; tosóchaidh siad† |
a thosóidh; a thosós; a thosóchaidh†; a thosóchas† | tosófar; tosóchar† |
| conditional | thosóinn; thosóchainn† / tosóinn‡; tosóchainn†‡ |
thosófá; thosóchthᆠ/ tosófá‡; tosóchthᆇ |
thosódh sé, sí; thosóchadh sé, sí† / tosódh sé, sí‡; tosóchadh sé, s톇 |
thosóimis; thosódh muid; thosóchaimis†; thosóchadh muid† / tosóimis‡; tosódh muid‡; tosóchaimis†‡; tosóchadh muid†‡ |
thosódh sibh; thosóchadh sibh† / tosódh sibh‡; tosóchadh sibh†‡ |
thosóidís; thosódh siad; thosóchaidís†; thosóchadh siad† / tosóidís‡; tosódh siad‡; tosóchaidís†‡; tosóchadh siad†‡ |
a thosódh; a thosóchadh† | thosófaí; thosóchthaí† / tosófaí‡; tosóchtha톇 |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present | go dtosaí mé; go dtosaíod† |
go dtosaí tú; go dtosaír† |
go dtosaí sé, sí | go dtosaímid; go dtosaí muid |
go dtosaí sibh | go dtosaí siad; go dtosaíd† |
— | go dtosaítear |
| past | dá dtosaínn | dá dtosaíteá | dá dtosaíodh sé, sí | dá dtosaímis; dá dtosaíodh muid |
dá dtosaíodh sibh | dá dtosaídís; dá dtosaíodh siad |
— | dá dtosaítí |
| imperative | singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| — | tosaím | tosaigh | tosaíodh sé, sí | tosaímis | tosaígí; tosaídh† |
tosaídís | — | tosaítear |
| past participle | tosaithe | |||||||
| verbal noun | tosú | |||||||
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
Related terms
Further reading
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “tosnuiġim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 747
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “tosaigh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- (Munster) IPA(key): /ˈt̪ˠɞsˠɪɟ/[5]
- (Connacht) IPA(key): /ˈt̪ˠosˠə/[6], /ˈt̪ˠɞsˠə/, /ˈt̪ˠesˠə/
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈt̪ˠɔsˠi(ː)/
Noun
tosaigh m
- inflection of tosach:
- vocative/genitive singular
- nominative/dative plural
Mutation
| radical | lenition | eclipsis |
|---|---|---|
| tosaigh | thosaigh | dtosaigh |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
- ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tosaigid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977), Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 322, page 156
- ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 241
- ^ Wagner, Heinrich (1959), Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 545.30, page 215; reprinted 1979
- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 180, page 91
- ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1975), The Irish of Cois Fhairrge, Co. Galway: A Phonetic Study, revised edition, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, page 80, line 144