Swahili
Etymology
From -refu + -ka (stative affix).
Verb
-refuka (infinitive kurefuka)
- Stative form of -refu: This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Conjugation
| Conjugation of -refuka
|
| Positive present
|
-narefuka
|
| Subjunctive
|
-refuke
|
| Negative
|
-refuki
|
| Imperative singular
|
refuka
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
refuka
|
| Plural
|
refukeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hurefuka
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lirefuka
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kurefuka
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -narefuka)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninarefuka/narefuka
|
tunarefuka
|
| 2nd person
|
unarefuka
|
mnarefuka
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anarefuka
|
wanarefuka
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -narefuka
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -refuki)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sirefuki
|
haturefuki
|
| 2nd person
|
hurefuki
|
hamrefuki
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
harefuki
|
hawarefuki
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -refuki
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tarefuka
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tarefuka
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -refuke)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nirefuke
|
turefuke
|
| 2nd person
|
urefuke
|
mrefuke
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arefuke
|
warefuke
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -refuke
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sirefuke
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngerefuka
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singerefuka
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalirefuka
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalirefuka
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arefuka)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
narefuka
|
twarefuka
|
| 2nd person
|
warefuka
|
mwarefuka
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
arefuka
|
warefuka
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
warefuka
|
yarefuka
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
larefuka
|
yarefuka
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
charefuka
|
vyarefuka
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yarefuka
|
zarefuka
|
| u(XI)
|
warefuka
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwarefuka
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
parefuka
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwarefuka
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -merefuka
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -mesharefuka
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jarefuka
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kirefuka
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -siporefuka
|
| Consecutive
|
karefuka / positive subject concord + -karefuka
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -karefuke
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nirefuka
|
-turefuka
|
| 2nd person
|
-kurefuka
|
-warefuka/-kurefukeni/-warefukeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mrefuka
|
-warefuka
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-urefuka
|
-irefuka
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lirefuka
|
-yarefuka
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kirefuka
|
-virefuka
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-irefuka
|
-zirefuka
|
| u(XI)
|
-urefuka
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kurefuka
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-parefuka
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-murefuka
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jirefuka
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -refuka- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-refukaye
|
-refukao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-refukao
|
-refukayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-refukalo
|
-refukayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-refukacho
|
-refukavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-refukayo
|
-refukazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-refukao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-refukako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-refukapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-refukamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -refuka)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yerefuka
|
-orefuka
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-orefuka
|
-yorefuka
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lorefuka
|
-yorefuka
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chorefuka
|
-vyorefuka
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yorefuka
|
-zorefuka
|
| u(XI)
|
-orefuka
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-korefuka
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-porefuka
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-morefuka
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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