pereo
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /peˈreo/
Audio 1: (file) Audio 2: (file) - Rhymes: -eo
- Syllabification: pe‧re‧o
Noun
pereo (accusative singular pereon, plural pereoj, accusative plural pereojn)
Latin
Etymology
From per- (“through”) + eō (“go”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈpɛ.re.oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈpɛː.re.o]
Verb
pereō (present infinitive perīre, perfect active periī or perīvī, supine peritum); irregular conjugation, impersonal in the passive
- to perish, pass away, die, be ruined
- Synonyms: morior, dēcēdō, exspīrō, dēficiō, occidō, dēfungor, occumbō, excēdō, discēdō, intereō, cadō, obeō, perdor
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.267–268:
- ‘flōrē semel laesō pereunt viciaecque fabaeque,
et pereunt lentēs, advena Nīle, tuae.’- “Once the blossom has been damaged, the vetches and the beans perish, and your lentils perish, oh foreign [River] Nile.”
(The poetic voice is that of Flora (mythology).)
- “Once the blossom has been damaged, the vetches and the beans perish, and your lentils perish, oh foreign [River] Nile.”
- ‘flōrē semel laesō pereunt viciaecque fabaeque,
- to vanish, disappear, come to nothing
- to leak; to be absorbed
- to pine away with love
Usage notes
This verb served as the original passive of perdere ("to destroy," "to ruin," "to waste," "to lose").
Conjugation
Irregular, like eō (“go”), which it compounds. The perfect is usually contracted to periī, but occasionally appears as perīvī.
Conjugation of pereō (irregular conjugation, impersonal in the passive)
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | pereō | perīs | perit | perīmus | perītis | pereunt | ||||||
| imperfect | perībam | perībās | perībat | perībāmus | perībātis | perībant | |||||||
| future | perībō | perībis | perībit | perībimus | perībitis | perībunt | |||||||
| perfect | periī, perīvī |
perīstī, periistī, perīvistī |
periit, perīvit |
periimus, perīvimus |
perīstis, periistis, perīvistis |
periērunt, periēre, perīvērunt, perīvēre | |||||||
| pluperfect | perieram, perīveram |
perierās, perīverās |
perierat, perīverat |
perierāmus, perīverāmus |
perierātis, perīverātis |
perierant, perīverant | |||||||
| future perfect | perierō, perīverō |
perieris, perīveris |
perierit, perīverit |
perierimus, perīverimus |
perieritis, perīveritis |
perierint, perīverint | |||||||
| passive | present | — | — | perītur | — | — | — | ||||||
| imperfect | — | — | perībātur | — | — | — | |||||||
| future | — | — | perībitur | — | — | — | |||||||
| perfect | — | — | peritum est | — | — | — | |||||||
| pluperfect | — | — | peritum erat | — | — | — | |||||||
| future perfect | — | — | peritum erit | — | — | — | |||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | peream | pereās | pereat | pereāmus | pereātis | pereant | ||||||
| imperfect | perīrem | perīrēs | perīret | perīrēmus | perīrētis | perīrent | |||||||
| perfect | perierim, perīverim |
perierīs, perīverīs |
perierit, perīverit |
perierīmus, perīverīmus |
perierītis, perīverītis |
perierint, perīverint | |||||||
| pluperfect | perīssem, periissem, perīvissem |
perīssēs, periissēs, perīvissēs |
perīsset, periisset, perīvisset |
perīssēmus, periissēmus, perīvissēmus |
perīssētis, periissētis, perīvissētis |
perīssent, periissent, perīvissent | |||||||
| passive | present | — | — | pereātur | — | — | — | ||||||
| imperfect | — | — | perīrētur | — | — | — | |||||||
| perfect | — | — | peritum sit | — | — | — | |||||||
| pluperfect | — | — | peritum esset | — | — | — | |||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | — | perī | — | — | perīte | — | ||||||
| future | — | perītō | perītō | — | perītōte | pereuntō | |||||||
| passive | future | — | — | perītor | — | — | — | ||||||
| non-finite forms | infinitive | participle | |||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||
| present | perīre | perīrī | periēns | — | |||||||||
| future | peritūrum esse | peritum īrī | peritūrus | pereundum | |||||||||
| perfect | perīsse, periisse, perīvisse |
peritum esse | — | peritum | |||||||||
| future perfect | — | peritum fore | — | — | |||||||||
| perfect potential | peritūrum fuisse | — | — | — | |||||||||
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||||||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||||||||
| pereundī | pereundō | pereundum | pereundō | peritum | peritū | ||||||||
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Italo-Romance:
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “perīre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 8: Patavia–Pix, page 247
Further reading
- “pereo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “pereo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “pereo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to die of starvation: fame confici, perire, interire
- to die a natural death: morbo perire, absūmi, consūmi
- I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
- the book has been lost: liber intercidit, periit
- they perished to a man: ad unum omnes perierunt
- to die of starvation: fame confici, perire, interire