marbh

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish marb, from Proto-Celtic *marwos (“dead”) (compare Welsh marw), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥wós (compare *mr̥tós), ultimately from the root *mer- (“to die”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

marbh (genitive singular masculine mairbh, genitive singular feminine mairbhe, plural marbha, comparative mairbhe)

  1. dead
    Tá m’athair féin marbh.
    My own father is dead.
  2. defunct

Declension

Declension of marbh
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative marbh mharbh marbha;
mharbha2
vocative mhairbh marbha
genitive mairbhe marbha marbh
dative marbh;
mharbh1 		mharbh;
mhairbh (archaic) 		marbha;
mharbha2
Comparative níos mairbhe
Superlative is mairbhe

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

Noun

marbh m (genitive singular mairbh, nominative plural mairbh)

  1. corpse, dead person
    Synonym: marbhán
  2. (in the plural) the dead

Declension

Declension of marbh (first declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative marbh mairbh
vocative a mhairbh a mharbha
genitive mairbh marbh
dative marbh mairbh
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an marbh na mairbh
genitive an mhairbh na marbh
dative leis an marbh
don mharbh 		leis na mairbh

Verb

marbh (present analytic marbhann, future analytic marbhfaidh, verbal noun marbhadh, past participle marfa)

  2. alternative form of maraigh

Declension

Conjugation of marbh (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present marbhaim marbhann tú;
marbhair† 		marbhann sé, sí marbhaimid; marbhann muid marbhann sibh marbhann siad;
marbhaid† 		a mharbhann; a mharbhas marbhtar
past mharbh mé; mharbhas mharbh tú; mharbhais mharbh sé, sí mharbhamar; mharbh muid mharbh sibh; mharbhabhair mharbh siad; mharbhadar a mharbh marbhadh
past habitual mharbhainn /
marbhainn‡ 		mharbhtá /
marbhtᇠ		mharbhadh sé, sí /
marbhadh sé, sí‡ 		mharbhaimis; mharbhadh muid /
marbhaimis‡; marbhadh muid‡ 		mharbhadh sibh /
marbhadh sibh‡ 		mharbhaidís; mharbhadh siad /
marbhaidís‡; marbhadh siad‡ 		a mharbhadh mharbhtaí /
marbhtaí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future marbhfaidh mé;
marbhfad 		marbhfaidh tú;
marbhfair† 		marbhfaidh sé, sí marbhfaimid;
marbhfaidh muid 		marbhfaidh sibh marbhfaidh siad;
marbhfaid† 		a mharbhfaidh; a mharbhfas marbhfar
conditional mharbhfainn /
marbhfainn‡ 		mharbhfá /
marbhfᇠ		mharbhfadh sé, sí /
marbhfadh sé, sí‡ 		mharbhfaimis; mharbhfadh muid /
marbhfaimis‡; marbhfadh muid‡ 		mharbhfadh sibh /
marbhfadh sibh‡ 		mharbhfaidís; mharbhfadh siad /
marbhfaidís‡; marbhfadh siad‡ 		a mharbhfadh mharbhfaí /
marbhfaí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go marbha mé;
go marbhad† 		go marbha tú;
go marbhair† 		go marbha sé, sí go marbhaimid;
go marbha muid 		go marbha sibh go marbha siad;
go marbhaid† 		— go marbhtar
past dá marbhainn dá marbhtá dá marbhadh sé, sí dá marbhaimis;
dá marbhadh muid 		dá marbhadh sibh dá marbhaidís;
dá marbhadh siad 		— dá marbhtaí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— marbhaim marbh marbhadh sé, sí marbhaimis marbhaigí;
marbhaidh† 		marbhaidís — marbhtar
past participle marfa
verbal noun marbhadh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Mutation

Mutated forms of marbh
radical lenition eclipsis
marbh mharbh not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 105, page 57
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 190
  3. ^ Ó Máille, T. S. (1974), Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word List from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press, →ISBN, page 139
  4. ^ de Búrca, Seán (1958), The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 406.14, page 98
  5. ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1975), The Irish of Cois Fhairrge, Co. Galway: A Phonetic Study, revised edition, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 79, page 16
  6. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 204

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish marb, from Proto-Celtic *marwos (“dead”) (compare Welsh marw), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥wós (compare *mr̥tós), ultimately from the root *mer- (“to die”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmaˌɾav/

Adjective

marbh

  1. dead
  2. defunct

Synonyms

Verb

marbh (past mharbh, future marbhaidh, verbal noun marbhadh, past participle marbhta)

  1. kill, murder

Conjugation

Conjugation of marbh (regular)
stem marbh
verbal noun marbhadh
past participle marbhta
independent dependent
active passive active passive
past mharbh mharbhadh mharbh mharbhadh
future marbhaidh marbhar
marbhtar 		marbh marbhar
marbhtar
conditional 1st singular mharbhainn mharbhtadh
mharbhaist1
mharbhaiste1 		mharbhainn mharbhtadh
mharbhaist1
mharbhaiste1
1st plural mharbhamaid
mharbhadh sinn 		mharbhamaid
mharbhadh sinn
2nd & 3rd mharbhadh mharbhadh
relative
future 		mharbhas mharbhar
imperative 1st singular marbham marbhar
marbhtar
2nd singular marbh
3rd singular marbhadh
1st plural marbhamaid
2nd plural marbhaibh
3rd plural marbhadh

1 Lewis dialect form

Combined conjugation of marbh (regular)
stem marbh
verbal noun marbhadh
past participle marbhta
singular plural impersonal
first second third m/f first second third
independent past mharbh mi mharbh thu mharbh e/i mharbh sinn mharbh sibh mharbh iad mharbhadh
future marbhaidh mi marbhaidh tu marbhaidh e/i marbhaidh sinn marbhaidh sibh marbhaidh iad marbhar
marbhtar
conditional mharbhainn mharbhadh tu mharbhadh e/i mharbhamaid
mharbhadh sinn 		mharbhadh sibh mharbhadh iad mharbhtadh
mharbhaist1
mharbhaiste1
negative past cha do mharbh mi cha do mharbh thu cha do mharbh e/i cha do mharbh sinn cha do mharbh sibh cha do mharbh iad cha do mharbhadh
future cha mharbh mi cha mharbh thu cha mharbh e/i cha mharbh sinn cha mharbh sibh cha mharbh iad cha mharbhar
cha mharbhtar
conditional cha mharbhainn cha mharbhadh tu cha mharbhadh e/i cha mharbhamaid
cha mharbhadh sinn 		cha mharbhadh sibh cha mharbhadh iad cha mharbhtadh
cha mharbhaist1
cha mharbhaiste1
affirmative
interrogative 		past an do mharbh mi? an do mharbh thu? an do mharbh e/i? an do mharbh sinn? an do mharbh sibh? an do mharbh iad? an do mharbhadh?
future am marbh mi? am marbh thu? am marbh e/i? am marbh sinn? am marbh sibh? am marbh iad? am marbhar?
am marbhtar?
conditional am marbhainn? am marbhadh tu? am marbhadh e/i? am marbhamaid?
am marbhadh sinn? 		am marbhadh sibh? am marbhadh iad? am marbhtadh?
am marbhaist?1
am marbhaiste?1
negative
interrogative 		past nach do mharbh mi? nach do mharbh thu? nach do mharbh e/i? nach do mharbh sinn? nach do mharbh sibh? nach do mharbh iad? nach do mharbhadh?
future nach marbh mi? nach marbh thu? nach marbh e/i? nach marbh sinn? nach marbh sibh? nach marbh iad? nach marbhar?
nach marbhtar?
conditional nach marbhainn? nach marbhadh tu? nach marbhadh e/i? nach marbhamaid?
nach marbhadh sinn? 		nach marbhadh sibh? nach marbhadh iad? nach marbhtadh?
nach marbhaist?1
nach marbhaiste?1
relative
future 		affirmative (ma) mharbhas mi (ma) mharbhas thu (ma) mharbhas e/i (ma) mharbhas sinn (ma) mharbhas sibh (ma) mharbhas iad (ma) mharbhar
negative (mur) marbh mi (mur) marbh thu (mur) marbh e/i (mur) marbh sinn (mur) marbh sibh (mur) marbh iad (mur) marbhar
(mur) marbhtar
imperative marbham marbh marbhadh e/i marbhamaid marbhaibh marbhadh iad marbhar
marbhtar

1 Lewis dialect form

Noun

marbh m (genitive singular mairbh, plural mairbh)

  1. dead, stillness, quiet
  2. dead person, corpse

See also

Mutation

Mutation of marbh
radical lenition
marbh mharbh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • Edward Dwelly (1911), “marbh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “marb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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