kim

kim

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Tofa.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Tofa terms

kim (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of gim (“edible seaweed”).

From Dutch kim, from Middle Dutch kimme.

• IPA^(key): /kəm/

kim (plural kimme)

1. horizon

   Synonym: horison

• IPA^(key): [kim]

kim (Kana spelling キム)

1. mountain

• kimpe (“bear”)

• Western Old Japanese: [script needed] (kî)

• Bugaeva, Anna. Handbook of the Ainu Language, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501502859

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).^[1] Cognate with Turkish kim, Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), etc.

• IPA^(key): [cim]

• Audio (Baku):

  (file)

kim (definite accusative kimi, plural kimlər)

1. who

• kimlik (“identity”)
• kimsə (“someone”)
  • kimsəsiz (“ownerless, derelict, parentless”)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).

kim

1. who, whom

• Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002), Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /kiːm/, [kʰiːˀm]

kim c or n (singular definite kimen or kimet, plural indefinite kim, plural definite kimene)

1. germ
2. seeds pl

From Middle Dutch kimme. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

• IPA^(key): /kɪm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kim
• Rhymes: -ɪm
• Homophone: Kim

kim f (plural kimmen, diminutive kimmetje n)

1. horizon

• horizon

• mik

kim

1. we; us (1st person plural exclusive absolutive form)

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish كِمْ (kim, gim), from Proto-Turkic *kem.^[1] Compare Turkish kim, Azerbaijani kim.^[2]

• IPA^(key): /kim/, [cim]

kim (accusative kimi, plural kimnär)

1. (interrogative) who?

   kimi inanêrsın?

   who do you believe?

   • 2015 November 24, Yuliya JEREBŢOVA, “İntelektual oyunu “KİM İSTEER OLMAA HALİZ GAGAUZ””, in Ana Sözü‎^[2]:

     Kasım ayın 17-dä Kiriyet küüyün “Dionis TANASOGLU” adına teoretik liţeyindä, 9-cu klaslar için, seftä geçti pek meraklı bit intelektual oyunu – “KİM İSTEER OLMAA HALİZ GAGAUZ”. Hazırladı onu liţeyin gagauz dilindä hem literaturasında üüredici Anna Kirilovna KOLOMİİTSEVA.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2019 April 10, Todur Zanet, “Bu bokluklardan tarafımızı kim paklayacek?”, in Ana Sözü‎^[3]:

     Bu bokluklardan tarafımızı kim paklayacek?

     Who will clean our place from these crap?

2. (relative) who, that

   kardaşım, kim bırda yaşêêr

   my sibling who lives here

• N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “ким”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 269
• Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “kimi”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN
• Kopuşçu M. İ., Todorova S. A., Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “kimi”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 100

For pronunciation and definitions of kim – see 金 (“copper; metal; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 金).

ki (“who”) +‎ -m (“my, of mine”, possessive suffix)

• IPA^(key): [ˈkim]
• Hyphenation: kim

kim

1. first-person singular single-possession possessive of ki

   Kim vagy te nekem? - Én nem Kim vagyok, hanem a bácsikád. ― Who of mine are you? - I'm not Kim but your uncle.

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkim/ [ˈkim]
• Rhymes: -im
• Syllabification: kim
• Homophone: KIM

Unknown (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

kim (plural kim-kim)

1. a game where you mark the numbers that are in the column or row that has been called by the person pulling the numbers, usually while singing, and the player is declared the winner if all the numbers on one of the lines have been marked.

Unknown (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

kim (plural kim-kim)

1. (linguistics) a sheet of paper that is missing from a manuscript because it was cut or deliberately cut

• “kim”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

From Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Relate to Crimean Tatar kim ,Karachay-Balkar ким (kim) ,Kumyk ким (kim) , Urum ким (kim) ,Tofa ӄум (qum), Tuvan кым (kım), etc.

kim

1. who

kim

Perso-Arabic		کیم

• IPA^(key): [kɪm]
• (Xarrâbî) IPA^(key): [kɪm]

kim (oblique, plural stem)

1. alternative form of kêm (“who”)

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1980), Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1988), Grammatik des Chaladsch [Grammar of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, →OCLC

Livonian numbers ^(edit)

		100
←  1	←  9	10	11  →	20  →
		1
Cardinal: kim     Ordinal: kimmõz

• küm (obsolete)

From Proto-Finnic *kümmen. Akin to Finnish kymmenen.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkim/, [ˈkimː]

kim

1. ten

In names of tens kim takes on the form kimdõ – declension type 118 – sieldõ. In vīžkimdõ both compound components are declinable, e.g., in genitive vīdkimdõ.

• kimmõz

• Livonian cardinals (1–11):

ikš, kakš, kuolm, nēļa, vīž, kūž, seis, kōdõks, īdõks, kim, ikštuoistõn (Compounds with both parts inflected given in bold)

• Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “kim”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[4] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʲim/

kim

1. instrumental of chto
2. locative of chto

From Proto-Vietic *kiːm, from Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums).

kim

1. needle

• Vietnamese: kim

• Alexandre de Rhodes (1651), “kim”, in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (in Middle Vietnamese, Latin, and Portuguese), Rome: Propaganda Fide

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kim.

kim

1. complete, whole

• Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “kim”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

From Proto-Vietic *kiːm, from Chinese 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums). Cognate with Vietnamese kim.

• IPA^(key): /kim¹/

kim

1. (Mường Bi) needle

• Nguyễn Văn Khang; Bùi Chỉ; Hoàng Văn Hành (2002), Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary)‎^[5], Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội.

kim m (definite singular kimen, indefinite plural kimar, definite plural kimane)

1. alternative form of kime

• IPA^(key): /ˈkim/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -im
• Syllabification: kim

kim

1. instrumental of kto
2. locative of kto

Borrowed from German Kümmel, from Latin cuminum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon).

• IPA^(key): /kîm/

kȉm m inan (Cyrillic spelling ки̏м)

1. caraway (Persian cumin)

• IPA^(key): /kîːm/

kȋm ? (Cyrillic spelling ки̑м)

1. (with) whom (instrumental)

From Ottoman Turkish كیم (kim, “who”), from Old Anatolian Turkish كِمْ (kim), from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who”), Karakhanid كِمْ (kim, “who”).

• IPA^(key): /kim/, [cʰim]

• Audio:

  (file)

kim

1. (interrogative) who

   kim onu gördü? ― who saw him?

kim

1. (archaic, relative) who

   Synonym: ki

   o kim görür ― he who sees

• “kim”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “kim”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”).

• IPA^(key): /kim/, [k̟ɪm]

kim

1. (interrogative) who

   muny kim etdi? ― who did that?

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kim˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [kim˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [kim˧˧]

• Audio (Hà Nội):

  (file)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 金 (“metal; gold”).

This reading is irregular, the expected reading would be *câm; cf. cấm < 禁 (MC kimH), cầm < 琴 (MC gim). ⟨-im⟩ is a very rare rime in Sino-Vietnamese proper, with this and the homophonous kim < 今 (MC kim) being the only examples.

It is possible that the usage of kim as the Sino-Vietnamese reading for 金 (MC kim) and 今 (MC kim) was to avoid homophony with câm (“mute”), although it is difficult to be sure. The much less common 衿 (MC kim) (that basically has no usage in Vietnamese) is considered to have the expected reading câm.

Also possibly compare Korean 금 (geum) and 김 (gim), the former is the expected Sino-Korean reading of 金 (MC kim) while the latter found chiefly as a surname.

The câm reading is attested in Đắc thú lâm tuyền thành đạo ca (得趣林泉成道𰙔; 1745) attributed to Trần Nhân Tông (陳仁宗). This reading is found in the gatha at the end of text. It is rhymed with tâm (心) and âm (隂).

• câm (rare)

kim

1. Metal, one of the Wu Xing

   Thổ sinh kim. Kim sinh thuỷ.
   Hoả khắc kim. Kim khắc mộc.

   Earth bears Metal. Metal enriches Water.
   Fire melts Metal. Metal chops Wood.

kim

1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 金

• ngũ hành
• vàng

From Proto-Vietic *kiːm.

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 針 (“needle”, SV: châm). Cognate to Muong kim.

Attested as kim in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

(classifier cây) kim

1. needle
2. (of a clock/watch) hand

The câm reading is attested in Thuật hứng 25 (述興) attributed to Nguyễn Trãi (阮廌). This poem is found in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集; 15th century). It is rhymed with lâm (林), cầm (琴), tâm (心), and lầm (淋).

kim

1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 今

• Kim

kim

1. who (nominative)

• genitive: kima
• accusative: kimi

• IPA^(key): /ki˩̰/

From Middle Chinese 貴 (kjw+j^H, “expensive”)

kim

1. expensive

• tsis pheejyig

From Mandarin 跪 (guì) ("to kneel").

kim

1. to kneel on one knee