jak

See also: Appendix:Variations of "jak"

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Jakun.

Symbol

jak

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Jakun.

English

Noun

jak (plural jaks)

  1. Alternative form of jack (the tree Mangifera caesia).

Derived terms

Anagrams

Acehnese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɟaʔ/

Verb

jak

  1. to walk; to go

References

Albanian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [jak]

Noun

jak m (plural jakë, definite jaku, definite plural jakët)

  1. (zoology) yak; (domesticated) wild ox

Further reading

  • [2] m. noun jak (engl. yak) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈjak]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ak

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech jak, from Proto-Slavic *jako (how, in which way).

Adverb

jak

  1. how
    Jak se máš/máte?How are you?
    Jak to jde?How's it going?

Conjunction

jak

  1. as
    jak Petr tak Pavelboth Peter and Paul
    jak se do lesa volá, tak se z lesa ozýváas you call into the forest, you hear from the forest; what goes around comes around

See also

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag),[1] from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Noun

jak m anim

  1. yak (mammal)
Declension
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2007), “jak²”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

Further reading

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jɑk/
  • Hyphenation: jak
  • Rhymes: -ɑk

Etymology 1

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Alternative forms

Noun

jak m (plural jaks, diminutive jakje n)

  1. yak, the ox-like Himalayan bovine, Bos grunniens
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch jak, borrowed from Old French jaque (medieval doublet). Cognate with English jacket.

Noun

jak n (plural jakken, diminutive jakje n)

  1. tight upper body garment
Descendants
  • Negerhollands: jakje (from the diminutive)

Garo

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /d͡ʒak/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (hand; arm). Cognate with Narua lak (hand).

Noun

jak

  1. hand
  2. arm
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (leaf).

Noun

jak

  1. leaf

Classifier

jak

  1. used with leaves

Hungarian

Etymology

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈjɒk]
  • Rhymes: -ɒk

Noun

jak (plural jakok)

  1. yak

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative jak jakok
accusative jakot jakokat
dative jaknak jakoknak
instrumental jakkal jakokkal
causal-final jakért jakokért
translative jakká jakokká
terminative jakig jakokig
essive-formal jakként jakokként
essive-modal
inessive jakban jakokban
superessive jakon jakokon
adessive jaknál jakoknál
illative jakba jakokba
sublative jakra jakokra
allative jakhoz jakokhoz
elative jakból jakokból
delative jakról jakokról
ablative jaktól jakoktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular
jaké jakoké
non-attributive
possessive – plural
jakéi jakokéi
Possessive forms of jak
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. jakom jakjaim
2nd person sing. jakod jakjaid
3rd person sing. jakja jakjai
1st person plural jakunk jakjaink
2nd person plural jakotok jakjaitok
3rd person plural jakjuk jakjaik

Derived terms

Expressions

Kalo Finnish Romani

Noun

jak f (genitive jakkako, nominative plural jakka, genitive plural jakkengo)

  1. (anatomy) eye

Derived terms

  • jakkako botnos
  • jakkako diiben
  • jakkako duk
  • jakkako jaaro
  • jakkako makkiba
  • jakkako čenstakiero

Kashubian

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈjak/
    • Rhymes: -ak
    • Syllabification: jak

    Adverb

    jak (not comparable)

    1. how

    Conjunction

    jak

    1. how

    Further reading

    • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “jak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[3]
    • jak”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

    Malay

    Pronunciation

    • Rhymes: -aʔ

    Adverb

    jak

    1. (Pontianak) alternative spelling of sahaja (only)

    Middle English

    Noun

    jak

    1. alternative form of jakke

    Norwegian Bokmål

    Etymology

    From languages such as English yak, German Jak or French yak, all from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag, yak), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (sheep, yak).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /jak/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -ak
    • Hyphenation: jak
    • Homophone: jakk

    Noun

    jak m (definite singular jaken, indefinite plural jaker, definite plural jakene)

    1. a yak (an ox-like mammal native to the Himalayas, Mongolia, Burma, and Tibet with dark, long, and silky hair, a horse-like tail, and a full, bushy mane; scientific name Bos grunniens)

    References

    • “jak” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
    • “jak” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
    • jak” in Store norske leksikon

    Old Czech

    Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈjak/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈjak/

    Adverb

    jak

    1. alternative form of jako

    Conjunction

    jak

    1. alternative form of jako

    Descendants

    References

    Old Polish

    Etymology

      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako. First attested in the 15th century.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /jak/
      • IPA(key): (15th CE) /jak/

      Adverb

      jak

      1. adverbial interrogative; how (in what way)
      2. adverbial relational; as, like (in a similar way)
      3. The meaning of this term is uncertain.
        • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 7:
          A thak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wsak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)
          [A tak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wszak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)]

      Conjunction

      jak

      1. introduces a conditional; if
      2. introduces a temporal clause; when

      Descendants

      References

      • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “jak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

      Polish

      Pronunciation

       
      • IPA(key): /ˈjak/
      • Audio 1:(file)
      • Audio 2:(file)
      • Audio 3:(file)
      • Audio 4:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ak
      • Syllabification: jak
      • Homophone: Jak

      Etymology 1

        Inherited from Old Polish jak.

        Pronoun

        jak

        1. how (to what degree or extent)
          Jak masz na imię?What's your name? (informal)
          Jak się masz?How are you? (informal)
          Jak to zrobiłeś?How did you do that?
        conjunctions
        pronouns

        Conjunction

        jak

        1. as (in the same way or manner that; to the same degree that)
          Jak widać, jeszcze nie skończyłam.As you can see, I haven't finished yet.
          Jego ojciec jest silny jak wół.His father is strong as an ox.
        2. like, as if, as though (in a manner suggesting)
          Wyglądasz jak obcokrajowiec.You look like a foreigner.
        3. (colloquial or dialectal, Kuyavia) synonym of kiedy / gdy; when (during the time that)
          Jak byłem w lesie, to widziałem niedźwiedzia.When I was in the forest, I saw a bear.
        4. (colloquial or dialectal, Kuyavia) synonym of jeżeli; if (supposing that, assuming that, in the circumstances that)
          Jak będziesz dalej tak robiła, to w końcu cię rzuci.If you keep doing that, he'll eventually dump you.
        5. (colloquial or dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia, Ostróda, Przemyśl) synonym of niż (than) (used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison)
          Typ nie miał więcej jak metr sześćdziesiąt.The guy was no taller than a meter sixty.
        6. used with a superlative; as much as, as soon as (used to say that two things are equal in amount or degree)
          Zrobię to jak najszybciej.I'll do it as soon as possible.

        Etymology 2

          Borrowed from English yak.

          Noun

          jak m animal (related adjective jaczy)

          1. yak, Tartary ox, grunting ox, hairy cattle (Bos grunniens)
          Declension

          Trivia

          According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 375 times in scientific texts, 247 times in news, 343 times in essays, 530 times in fiction, and 756 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2251 times, making it the 18th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

          References

          1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “jak”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 159

          Further reading

          • jak I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
          • jak II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
          • jak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
          • jak in PWN's encyclopedia
          • Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “jako, jak, jeko”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
          • JAK I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
          • JAK II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
          • JAK III”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
          • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego
          • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
          • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 126
          • Oskar Kolberg (1867), “jak”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 271
          • Antoni Krasnowolski (1879), “jak”, in Album uczącéj się młodzieży polskiéj poświęcone Józefowi Ignacemu Kraszewskiemu z powodu jubileuszu jego pięćdziesięcioletniéj działalności literackiéj (in Polish), Lviv: Czytelni Akademickiéj Lwowskiéj; "Gaz. Narod." J. Dobrzańskiego i K. Gromana, Słowniczek prowincjalizmów zebranych w ziemi chełmińskiej i świeckiej, page 303
          • Kazimierz Nitsch (1907), “niż”, in “Dyalekty polskie Prus zachodnich”, in Materyały i Prace Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie (in Polish), volume 3, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 390
          • Aleksander Saloni (1908), “jak”, in “Lud rzeszowski”, in Materyały Antropologiczno-Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne[4] (in Polish), volume 10, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 335

          Serbo-Croatian

          Etymology 1

          Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jakъ.

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /jâːk/

          Adjective

          jȃk (Cyrillic spelling ја̑к, definite jȃkī, comparative jȁčī)

          1. strong
            Synonyms: silan, snažan
          Declension
          positive indefinite forms
          singular masculine feminine neuter
          nominative jak jaka jako
          genitive jaka jake jaka
          dative jaku jakoj jaku
          accusative inanimate
          animate
          jak
          jaka
          jaku jako
          vocative jak jaka jako
          locative jaku jakoj jaku
          instrumental jakim jakom jakim
          plural masculine feminine neuter
          nominative jaki jake jaka
          genitive jakih jakih jakih
          dative jakim(a) jakim(a) jakim(a)
          accusative jake jake jaka
          vocative jaki jake jaka
          locative jakim(a) jakim(a) jakim(a)
          instrumental jakim(a) jakim(a) jakim(a)
          positive definite forms
          singular masculine feminine neuter
          nominative jaki jaka jako
          genitive jakog(a) jake jakog(a)
          dative jakom(u/e) jakoj jakom(u/e)
          accusative inanimate
          animate
          jaki
          jakog(a)
          jaku jako
          vocative jaki jaka jako
          locative jakom(e/u) jakoj jakom(e/u)
          instrumental jakim jakom jakim
          plural masculine feminine neuter
          nominative jaki jake jaka
          genitive jakih jakih jakih
          dative jakim(a) jakim(a) jakim(a)
          accusative jake jake jaka
          vocative jaki jake jaka
          locative jakim(a) jakim(a) jakim(a)
          instrumental jakim(a) jakim(a) jakim(a)
          comparative forms
          singular masculine feminine neuter
          nominative jači jača jače
          genitive jačeg(a) jače jačeg(a)
          dative jačem(u) jačoj jačem(u)
          accusative inanimate
          animate
          jači
          jačeg(a)
          jaču jače
          vocative jači jača jače
          locative jačem(u) jačoj jačem(u)
          instrumental jačim jačom jačim
          plural masculine feminine neuter
          nominative jači jače jača
          genitive jačih jačih jačih
          dative jačim(a) jačim(a) jačim(a)
          accusative jače jače jača
          vocative jači jače jača
          locative jačim(a) jačim(a) jačim(a)
          instrumental jačim(a) jačim(a) jačim(a)
          superlative forms
          singular masculine feminine neuter
          nominative najjači najjača najjače
          genitive najjačeg(a) najjače najjačeg(a)
          dative najjačem(u) najjačoj najjačem(u)
          accusative inanimate
          animate
          najjači
          najjačeg(a)
          najjaču najjače
          vocative najjači najjača najjače
          locative najjačem(u) najjačoj najjačem(u)
          instrumental najjačim najjačom najjačim
          plural masculine feminine neuter
          nominative najjači najjače najjača
          genitive najjačih najjačih najjačih
          dative najjačim(a) najjačim(a) najjačim(a)
          accusative najjače najjače najjača
          vocative najjači najjače najjača
          locative najjačim(a) najjačim(a) najjačim(a)
          instrumental najjačim(a) najjačim(a) najjačim(a)

          Further reading

          • jak”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

          Etymology 2

          From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

          Pronunciation

          • IPA(key): /jâk/

          Noun

          jȁk m anim (Cyrillic spelling ја̏к)

          1. yak (ox-like mammal)
          Declension
          Declension of jak
          singular plural
          nominative jȁk jàkovi
          genitive jaka jakova
          dative jaku jakovima
          accusative jaka jakove
          vocative jače jakovi
          locative jaku jakovima
          instrumental jakom jakovima

          Further reading

          • jak”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

          Silesian

          Alternative forms

          Etymology

            Inherited from Old Polish jak.

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /ˈjak/
            • Audio:(file)
            • Rhymes: -ak
            • Syllabification: jak

            Pronoun

            jak

            1. how

            Adverb

            jak

            1. comparative as
              Synonyms: choby, choćby
            2. as (in the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that)
            3. as well as
            4. when
              Synonyms: kedy, kej
            5. than
              Synonyms: aniżeli, niż
            6. if
              Synonyms: dy, ejźli, eli, eźli, gdy, jeli, jeźli, jeźli

            Further reading

            • jak in dykcjonorz.eu
            • jak in silling.org

            Slovak

            Etymology

            Derived from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (sheep, yak).

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /jak/, [ˈjak]
            • Rhymes: -ak

            Noun

            jak m animal (genitive singular jaka, nominative plural jaky, genitive plural jakov, declension pattern of dub)

            1. yak

            Declension

            Declension of jak
            (patterns chlap (singular) and dub (plural))
            singularplural
            nominativejakjaky
            genitivejakajakov
            dativejakovijakom
            accusativejakajaky
            locativejakovijakoch
            instrumentaljakomjakmi

            Derived terms

            Further reading

            • jak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

            Slovene

            Etymology

            From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

            Pronunciation

            • IPA(key): /jáːk/

            Noun

            jȃk m anim

            1. yak (ox-like mammal)

            Declension

            The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
            Masculine anim., hard o-stem
            nom. sing. ják
            gen. sing. jáka
            singular dual plural
            nominative
            (imenovȃlnik)
            ják jáka jáki
            genitive
            (rodȋlnik)
            jáka jákov jákov
            dative
            (dajȃlnik)
            jáku jákoma jákom
            accusative
            (tožȋlnik)
            jáka jáka jáke
            locative
            (mẹ̑stnik)
            jáku jákih jákih
            instrumental
            (orọ̑dnik)
            jákom jákoma jáki

            Further reading

            • jak”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
            • jak”, in Termania, Amebis
            • See also the general references

            Slovincian

            Alternative forms

            Etymology

              Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako.

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): /ˈjak/
              • Rhymes: -ak
              • Syllabification: jak

              Adverb

              jak (not comparable)

              1. (interrogative) how

              Conjunction

              jak

              1. as, like
              2. (in comparisons) like; than

              Further reading

              Swedish

              Etymology

              From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): /jɑːk/

              Noun

              jak c

              1. a yak, an ox-like mammal

              Declension

              Synonyms

              • grymtoxe
              • jakmjölk

              References

              Anagrams

              Volapük

              Etymology

              From English shark.

              Pronunciation

              • IPA(key): [ʃak]

              Noun

              jak (genitive jaka, plural jaks)

              1. shark

              Declension

              Declension of jak
              Singular Plural
              Nominative jak jaks
              Genitive jaka jakas
              Dative jake jakes
              Accusative jaki jakis
              Predicative1 jaku jakus
              Vocative o jak o jaks
              1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

              Derived terms

              • hijak
              • jijak