Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrtěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wirtḗˀtei, *wirstei from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥t-.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vir̃sti (“to fall, to collapse”), 1sg. virčiù, Latvian vḕrst (“to direct, to steer”), Old Prussian wīrst (“becomes”, 3sg.). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, to roll”), Latin vertō (“to turn”), Proto-Germanic *werþaną (“to become”).

Verb

*vьrtě̀ti

to turn

Inflection

Conjugation of *vьrtěti, *vьrtě, *vьrtitь (?, -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vьrtěnьje	*vьrtěti	*vьrtětъ	*vьrtělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vьrtěnъ	*vьrtimъ
Active	*vьrtěvъ	*vьrtę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vьrtěxъ	*vьrtě	*vьrtě	*vьrťǫ	*vьrtiši	*vьrtitь
Dual	*vьrtěxově	*vьrtěsta	*vьrtěste	*vьrtivě	*vьrtita	*vьrtite
Plural	*vьrtěxomъ	*vьrtěste	*vьrtěšę	*vьrtimъ	*vьrtite	*vьrtętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vьrtěaxъ	*vьrtěaše	*vьrtěaše	—	*vьrti	*vьrti
Dual	*vьrtěaxově	*vьrtěašeta	*vьrtěašete	*vьrtivě	*vьrtita	—
Plural	*vьrtěaxomъ	*vьrtěašete	*vьrtěaxǫ	*vьrtimъ	*vьrtite	—

Related terms

*kuvьrtati
*vermę (“time”)
*vertenò (“spindle”)
*vьrsta, *vьrstva (“row, line, age, kind”)
*vьrstь
*vьrtъ (“garden”)
*vorta (“door, gate”)
*vortъ (“neck”)
*vortìti (“to turn, to return”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: вьртѣти (vĭrtěti)
  - Old Ruthenian: вертѣти (vertěti)
    - Belarusian: вярце́ць (vjarcjécʹ)
    - Ukrainian: верті́ти (vertíty)
  - Russian: верте́ть (vertétʹ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: врьтѣти (vrĭtěti)
- Bulgarian: въртя́ (vǎrtjá)
- Macedonian: врти (vrti)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: вр́тјети
  
  Latin script: vŕtjeti
- Slovene: vrtéti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vrtěti
  - Czech: vrtět
- Old Polish: wiercieć
  - ⇒ Silesian: wiertać
- Slovak: vrtieť
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: wjerćić
  - Lower Sorbian: wjerśeś

Non-Slavic:
- → Aromanian: anvãrtescu (with an and -escu)
- → Romanian: învârti (with în)
- → Romanian: vârtej

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 539
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “верте́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “верте́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 144