Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tep-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Indo-European *topéyetider.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei
Proto-Slavic *topiti

    From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *top-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“hot, warm”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit तापयति (tāpáyati, “to heat, to torment”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tāpaiieiti, “to heat”).

    Verb

    *topìti impf[1][2][3]

    1. to heat up
    2. to melt, to thaw
    Inflection
    Conjugation of *topiti, *topi, *topitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
    Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
    *topľenьje *topiti *topitъ *topilъ
    Participles
    Tense Past Present
    Passive *topľenъ *topimъ
    Active *topľь *topę
    Aorist Present
    Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    Singular *topixъ *topi *topi *topľǫ *topiši *topitь
    Dual *topixově *topista *topiste *topivě *topita *topite
    Plural *topixomъ *topiste *topišę *topimъ *topite *topętь
    Imperfect Imperative
    Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
    Singular *topľaaxъ *topľaaše *topľaaše — *topi *topi
    Dual *topľaaxově *topľaašeta *topľaašete *topivě *topita —
    Plural *topľaaxomъ *topľaašete *topľaaxǫ *topimъ *topite —
      Notes:
    • (*)*topivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
    • *teplъ, *toplъ (“warm”)
      • *orztoplь (“snowmelt”)
      • *topliti (“to heat”)
      • *toplina (“heat”)
    Descendants
    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: топити (topiti)
    • South Slavic:
    • West Slavic:
      • Old Czech: topiti
      • Old Polish: topić (“to melt”)
        • Polish: topić (“to melt”)
        • Silesian: topić (“to melt”)
      • Slovak: topiť
      • Polabian: tüpait
      • Pomeranian:
        • Kashubian: topic
        • Slovincian: tôpjic
      • Sorbian:
        • Lower Sorbian: topiś
    • Non-Slavic:
      • → Romanian: topi (“to melt”)

    References

    1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*topìti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
    2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “topiti: topjǫ topitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c smelte; drukne (SA 260; PR 140)”
    3. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “topiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *topi̋ti ‛s segrevanjem raztapljati’”

    Further reading

    • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “тёплый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 236
    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “топи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

    Etymology 2

      Unclear. Vasmer suggests a possible connection with Old Armenian թաթաւեմ (tʻatʻawem, “to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)”), but notes that it's quite conjectural. Trubachev notes that Zubaty and Stang suggest a connection with Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”), Latvian tapt (“to become, to get infected”), effectively from Proto-Balto-Slavic *taptéi (“to get stuck”) +‎ *-iti.

      Verb

      *topìti impf (perfective *topnǫti)[1][2]

      1. to plunge, to dunk
        1. → to sink, to submerge (in liquid)
        2. → to soak, to immerse
        3. → to drown
      Inflection
      Conjugation of *topiti, *topi, *topitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
      Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
      *topľenьje *topiti *topitъ *topilъ
      Participles
      Tense Past Present
      Passive *topľenъ *topimъ
      Active *topľь *topę
      Aorist Present
      Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
      Singular *topixъ *topi *topi *topľǫ *topiši *topitь
      Dual *topixově *topista *topiste *topivě *topita *topite
      Plural *topixomъ *topiste *topišę *topimъ *topite *topętь
      Imperfect Imperative
      Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
      Singular *topľaaxъ *topľaaše *topľaaše — *topi *topi
      Dual *topľaaxově *topľaašeta *topľaašete *topivě *topita —
      Plural *topľaaxomъ *topľaašete *topľaaxǫ *topimъ *topite —
        Notes:
      • (*)*topivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
      Descendants
      • East Slavic:
      • South Slavic:
      • West Slavic:
        • Old Czech: topiti
        • Old Polish: topić (“to flood”)
          • Polish: topić (“to drown”)
          • Silesian: topić (“to drown”)
        • Slovak: topiť
        • Polabian: tüpait
        • Pomeranian:
          • Kashubian: topic
          • Slovincian: tôpjic
        • Sorbian:
          • Lower Sorbian: topiś
          • Upper Sorbian: topić

      References

      1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*topìti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
      2. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “-topiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *topi̋ti ‛potapljati’”

      Further reading

      • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “топи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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