Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rędъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rindas,^[1] with cognates including Lithuanian rindà and Latvian rinda. Further unclear. Apparently, or most simply, from a Proto-Indo-European *(H)rend⁽ʰ⁾- (“to tidy up”), with no secure cognates outside of Balto-Slavic.^[2] This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. rationale for this root missing

Possibly alternatively from a second- or third–order extension of Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to unite, to fit”) (plus at least a dental suffix and nasal infix), which is attractive as this root has other derivatives meaning “row”, but morphologically complicated. Either:

*h₂r-e-n-dʰ-, from *h₂r-e(h₁)-dʰ- with irregular deletion of the internal laryngeal. Cognates would include Persian (rade, “row, category”), and disputedly Proto-Germanic *radō (“row”), Albanian radhë (“row”).^[3] Unclear relation with Latin ōrdō.
*h₂ri-n-d⁽ʰ⁾-, somehow derived from *h₂r-ey-. Cognates via *h₂rey- would include Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raidjan, “organize, define”), 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (garaiþs, “organized, ordered”), Old Norse greida (“unfold, arrange”), German bereit (“ready”). Perhaps a nasal-infixed form of *h₂rey-dʰ(h₁)-.

For this semantic development compare Latin serō (“to join”) > seriēs (“series, row”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Vasmer relates this term with Proto-Celtic *rannā (“part”) as well,^[4] but all Celticists reconstruct *ɸrasnā instead for that, precluding Vasmer's comparison.

Noun

*rę̑dъ m^[1]

row

Inflection

Declension of *rę̑dъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rę̑dъ	*rę̑da	*rę̑di
genitive	*rę̑da	*rędù	*rę̃dъ
dative	*rę̑du	*rędomà	*rędòmъ
accusative	*rę̑dъ	*rę̑da	*rę̑dy
instrumental	rę̑dъmь, rę̑domь^*	*rędomà	*rędý
locative	*rę̑dě	*rędù	*rędě̃xъ
vocative	*ręde	*rę̑da	*rę̑di

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*nerędъ
- *neręstь
*rędьnъ (“orderly”)
- Czech: řádný (“regular”)
- Polish: rządny (“economical”)
- Lower Sorbian: rědny (“orderly, beautiful”)
- Upper Sorbian: rjadny (“orderly, beautiful”)
- *nerędьnъ
*porędъkъ
*ręditi
- *naręditi / ?*naręsti
  - *narędъ
    - *narędьnъ
  - ? *narędlo
  - *narędьba
  - *narędьje
- *obręditi
  - *obręda
  - *obrędъ
    - *obrędovъ
    - *obrędъkъ
    - *obrędьnъ
- *otъręditi
  - *otъrędъ, *otъręda
    - *otъrędьnъ
- *oporęditi
- *zaręditi
- *orzъręditi
  - *orzъrędъ
    - *orzъrędьnъ
- *jьzręditi
- *podъręditi
  - *podъrędьba

Related terms

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: рѧдъ (rędŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: рѧдъ (rjad)
    - Belarusian: рад (rad)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: ряд (rjad)
    - Ukrainian: ряд (rjad)
  - Russian: ряд (rjad)
- Old Novgorodian: рѧдъ (rędŭ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: рѧдъ (rędŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱃⱔⰴⱏ (rędŭ)
  - Bulgarian: ред (red), рент (rent) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: ред (red)
- Slovene: rẹ̑d (tonal orthography)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ре̑д
  
  Latin script: rȇd
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: řád
  - Czech: řád
- Old Polish: rząd
  - Polish: rząd
  - Silesian: rzōnd
- Old Slovak: rád, riad
  - Pannonian Rusyn: ряд (rjad)
  - Slovak: riad
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: rjad
  - Lower Sorbian: rěd

→ Albanian: rend
→ Hungarian: rend
→ Lithuanian: rė̃das
→ Romanian: rând

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rę̑dъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 436
^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “rząd I”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 531
^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “rędъ”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ряд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[EDSIL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rę̑dъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 436

[2] Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “rząd I”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 531

[3] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “rędъ”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[4] Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ряд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

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