Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂réydʰh₁eti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

*h₂rey(H)- +‎ *-dʰh₁eti.

Verb

*h₂réydʰh₁eti^[1]

to put in order, arrange, organize
^? to prepare, make ready

Inflection

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular	*h₂réydʰh₁eti
3rd plural	*h₂réydʰh₁onti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*h₂réydʰh₁oh₂	*h₂réydʰh₁om	—	*h₂réydʰh₁ōh₂	*h₂réydʰh₁oyh₁m̥
2nd singular	*h₂réydʰh₁esi	*h₂réydʰh₁es	*h₂réydʰh₁e	*h₂réydʰh₁ēsi	*h₂réydʰh₁oys
3rd singular	*h₂réydʰh₁eti	*h₂réydʰh₁et	*h₂réydʰh₁etu	*h₂réydʰh₁ēti	*h₂réydʰh₁oyt
1st dual	*h₂réydʰh₁owos	*h₂réydʰh₁owe	—	*h₂réydʰh₁ōwos	*h₂réydʰh₁oywe
2nd dual	*h₂réydʰh₁etes	*h₂réydʰh₁etom	*h₂réydʰh₁etom	*h₂réydʰh₁ētes	*h₂réydʰh₁oytom
3rd dual	*h₂réydʰh₁etes	*h₂réydʰh₁etām	*h₂réydʰh₁etām	*h₂réydʰh₁ētes	*h₂réydʰh₁oytām
1st plural	*h₂réydʰh₁omos	*h₂réydʰh₁ome	—	*h₂réydʰh₁ōmos	*h₂réydʰh₁oyme
2nd plural	*h₂réydʰh₁ete	*h₂réydʰh₁ete	*h₂réydʰh₁ete	*h₂réydʰh₁ēte	*h₂réydʰh₁oyte
3rd plural	*h₂réydʰh₁onti	*h₂réydʰh₁ont	*h₂réydʰh₁ontu	*h₂réydʰh₁ōnti	*h₂réydʰh₁oyh₁n̥t

Participle	*h₂réydʰh₁onts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*h₂réydʰh₁oh₂er	*h₂réydʰh₁oh₂e	—	*h₂réydʰh₁ōh₂er	*h₂réydʰh₁oyh₂e
2nd singular	*h₂réydʰh₁eth₂er	*h₂réydʰh₁eth₂e	*h₂réydʰh₁eso	*h₂réydʰh₁ēth₂er	*h₂réydʰh₁oyth₂e
3rd singular	*h₂réydʰh₁etor	*h₂réydʰh₁eto	*?	*h₂réydʰh₁ētor	h₂réydʰh₁oyto, h₂réydʰh₁oyh₁o
1st dual	*h₂réydʰh₁owosdʰh₂	*h₂réydʰh₁owedʰh₂	—	*h₂réydʰh₁ōwosdʰh₂	*h₂réydʰh₁oywedʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*h₂réydʰh₁omosdʰh₂	*h₂réydʰh₁omedʰh₂	—	*h₂réydʰh₁ōmosdʰh₂	*h₂réydʰh₁oymedʰh₂
2nd plural	*h₂réydʰh₁edʰh₂we	*h₂réydʰh₁edʰh₂we	*h₂réydʰh₁edʰh₂we	*h₂réydʰh₁ēdʰh₂we	*h₂réydʰh₁oydʰh₂we
3rd plural	*h₂réydʰh₁ontor	*h₂réydʰh₁onto	*?	*h₂réydʰh₁ōntor	*h₂réydʰh₁oyro

Participle	*h₂réydʰh₁omnos

Alternative reconstructions

*h₂reydʰ-, *Hreydʰ-^[1] (extended root)
*h₂réyHdʰh₁eti

Reconstruction notes

The initial *h₂ is only reflected in Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós), which however may be a parallel formation in -θμός (-thmós). Apart from this word, the initial laryngeal is reconstructed based on the clearly related root *h₂rey-. (Note the sense “count” reflected in derived terms there, based on which are the meanings of Greek terms related to numbers such as ἀριθμός (arithmós).)
Largely a Baltic–Germanic isogloss. Presence in PIE uncertain.

Derived terms

*h₂réydʰ-t ~ *h₂ridʰ-ént (athematic root aorist)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: rist (“to put in order”)
*h₂roydʰ(h₁)-ó-s^[1]
- Proto-Germanic: *raidaz (“ready, arranged”)^[1] (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ *raidijaz (or from earlier *raidiz and conflated with the a-stem above) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - >? Latvian: raids (“ready”) (unless borrowed from Germanic < *raidaz)

⇒? *h₂ri-dʰ(h₁)-mó-s (with laryngeal deletion?)
- >? Proto-Hellenic: *aritʰmós
  - Ancient Greek: ἀριθμός (arithmós, “number”) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*raid(j)a-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 402: “*h₂rei-dʰh₁- “to put in order””

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*raid(j)a-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 402: “*h₂rei-dʰh₁- “to put in order””

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