Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kortъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    Substantivized neuter[1] of Proto-Balto-Slavic *kártas (“localized, concise”) (attested in adjectival form as a part of compounds), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Cognate with Lithuanian kar̃tas (“time, occurrence”) (plural kartai̇̃), kartà (“layer, row”) (acc. kar̃tą), Latvian kā̀rtа (“layer, row”) and further related to Sanskrit सकृत् (sakṛ́t, “once”), कृत्वस् pl (kṛ́tvas, “times, occurrences”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬝 (hakərət̰, “once”).

    Noun

    *kõrtъ m[2][3][4]

    1. moment of time, occurence
      Synonym: *razъ
    2. (as a part of adverbs) instance

    Declension

    Declension of *kõrtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *kõrtъ *kōrtà *kōrtì
    genitive *kōrtà *kōrtù *kõrtъ
    dative *kōrtù *kōrtòma *kōrtòmъ
    accusative *kõrtъ *kōrtà *kōrtỳ
    instrumental *kōrtъ̀mь, *kōrtòmь* *kōrtòma *kõrty
    locative *kōrtě̀ *kōrtù *kõrtěxъ
    vocative *korte *kōrtà *kōrtì

    * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

    Derived terms

    • *kratě (“once”)
    • *kortьnъ (“discrete”)
    • *edьnokortьnъ (“one-time”)
    • *kortiti (“to cut short”)
      • *kortežь (“shortage”)
    • *kortostь (“brevity”)
    • *kortъkъ (“short, brief”)

    Descendants

    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic: кратъ (kratŭ)
      • Bulgarian: крат (krat, “unit of measure”) (dialectal)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: -крат
        Latin script: -krat
      • Slovene: kràt (tonal orthography)
    • West Slavic:
      • Old Czech: krát, -krát
      • Polish: -kroć
      • Pannonian Rusyn: (obsolete) крот (krot, “multitude”)
      • Slovak: -krát
      • Sorbian:
        • Lower Sorbian: -krot
        • Upper Sorbian: -kroć

    References

    1. ^ Gender shift due to Illič-Svityč's law.
    2. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kortъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236: “m. o (b) ‘once, time’”
    3. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “kortъ korta”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b time, occurrence (NA 122; SA 21)”
    4. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “krat”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kortъ̏”

    Further reading

    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кра́та”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kortъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 99
    • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “крат”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 721
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