Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kogъda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

  • *kogъdy

Etymology

    • From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas gadas. Equivalent to *ko +‎ *gъda (Gsg. of *godъ) – literally "at what time"[1]
    • ЭССЯ: later Slavic relationship *jegъda*kogъda obviously influenced by Gsg. form of *godъ (with probable reduction *goda > *gъda) and changed previous pair relationship *jeda*koda. From *ko- +‎ *-da.
    • Vasmer: probably originally was *koda. Ending *gъda possibly came from earlier reduction of *vьsegъda, *jьnogъda, where it was generalized to *jegъda, *kogъda, *togъda.
    Compare Lithuanian kadà (when), East Lithuanian kadù, Old Prussian kaden, kadden, Latvian kad (when), Sanskrit कदा (kadā, when), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬁 (kadā, when).

    Adverb

    *kogъda[1]

    1. when

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: когда (kogda)
        • Old Ruthenian: къгды (khdy), кгды (gdy)
          • Ukrainian: ґди (gdy)
        • Belarusian: (dialectal) кадэ (kade)
        • Russian: когда́ (kogdá), когды́ (kogdý), (dialectal) ковда́ (kovdá), (dialectal) ковды́ (kovdý), када́ (kadá), колды́ (koldý)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: кідь (kidʹ)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic:
        Old Cyrillic script: къгда (kŭgda), когда (kogda)
        Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⰳⰴⰰ (kŭgda), [Term?]
      • Bulgarian: кога́ (kogá), (dialectal) къга́ (kǎgá), коги́ (kogí)
      • Macedonian: ко́га (kóga)
      • Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: ка̏д, ка̀да
        Latin script: kȁd, kàda
      • Slovene: kdāj (tonal orthography)
    • West Slavic:

    See also

    Type *kъto *jь *jьnъ *onъ *ovъ *sь *tъ *vьśь
    Time *kogъda *jegъda *jьnogъda *onogъda *ovogъda *sьgъda *togъda *vьśegъda
    Place (to) *kǫda *jǫdu *jьnǫdu *onǫda *ovǫda *sǫda *tǫda *vьśǫdu
    Place (to/in) *kamo *jamo *jьnamo *onamo *ovamo *sěmo *tamo *vьśamo
    Place (in) *kъde *jьde *jьnъde *onъde *ovъde *sьde *tu *vьśьde
    Way *kako *jako *jьnako *onako *ovako *sice *tako *vьśako
    Amount *koliko *jeliko *jьnoliko *onoliko *ovoliko *seliko *toliko

    Further reading

    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “когда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
    • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kogъda / *kogъdy”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 108

    References

    1. 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kogъda; *kogъdy”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227:adv./conj. ‘when’