Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ǰafráh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From earlier *ǰabráh,[1][2] from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gabʰHrás,[3] *ȷ́ambʰHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥bʰH-ró-s,[4][5][6] *gʷembʰH-ró-s. Cognate with Sanskrit गभीर (gabhīrá, “deep”) (whence borrowings[7] Khotanese [script needed] (ggaṃbīra), Parthian 𐫃𐫖𐫁𐫏𐫡 (gmbyr /⁠gambīr⁠/)), Tocharian A kupār (“profond”) (from Proto-Tocharian *kwäßārce[6]).

Adjectives

*ǰafráh[4]

  1. deep

Alternative reconstructions

  • *gafráh[4]
  • *gufráh (< earlier *gubráh[4])

Derived terms

  • *gufriH
    • Proto-Scythian: *ɣufrī
      • Proto-Sarmatian: *ɣufla
        • Alanic: *ɣulfæ
          • Ossetian: (“depth; deep”)[4]
            Digor Ossetian: хъулфӕ (qulfæ) (q from Iron)
            Iron Ossetian: хъулф (qulf)

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian: *hafri (< *gafráh with fricative assimilation?)
      • >? Proto-Sarmatian: *āfr, *hāfr
        • Alanic: *arf
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Pathan:
      • Pashto: ژور (žawər, žawar, žəwər)
      • Waneci: زاوَر (zawar)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: جهل (juhl, (Rakhshani) jahl)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: ژور (jur)
      Central Kurdish: ژیۆر (jyor), ژۆر (jor)
    • Medo-Parthian:
      • Caspian:
        • Gilaki: جولْف (julf)
        • Mazanderani: جول (jul)
          • → Semnani: جولُ (jowl) (Aftar)
      • Kermanic: žof, žuf, žowf, žūf
      • Parthian: 𐫋𐫜𐫡 (jfr /⁠žafr⁠/)
        • → Middle Persian: *žarf
      • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
        • Gurani: ژۆر (jor), ژور (jur)
        • Zazaki: žor, žūr, (Dimli) žof
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *jafrah,[8] *jufrah
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠zofr⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫇𐫛𐫡 (zwpr), 𐫉𐫇𐫇𐫛𐫡 (zwwpr), 𐫉𐫇𐫜𐫡 (zwfr)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zwpl)

References

  1. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2003), Beekes, R.S.P., Lubotsky, A., Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 283: “*gupra- or *gubra- > *gufra-, compare jafra- < *jabra- ‘deep’”
  2. ^ Vaan, M. A. C. de (2005), “The reflex of intervocalic *b in Avestan”, in Indogermanica, Festschrift Gert Klingenschmitt, page 666: “*ǰabra-”
  3. ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1953: “*ga(m)bʰ(H)rá- ‘deep’”
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*1gab- : jab-, *gamb-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 90-93: “*ǰafra- < *ǰab-ra- < *gʷm̥bh-(H)-ro-”
  5. ^ Cantera, Alberto (2017–2018), “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Iranian, page 487: “*gu̯m̥bʰHró- ‘deep’”
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Pinault, Georges-Jean (2018), “Regard comparatif sur la dérivation nominale en tokharien”, in Blanc, Alain, Boehm, Isabelle, editors, Dérivation nominale et innovations dans les langues indoeuropéennes anciennes. Actes du colloque international de l’université de Rouen (ÉRIAC), 11-12 octobre 2018‎[1] (in French), Lyon: MOM Éditions, page 5: “A kupār « profond » < *kwäßārce < *gu̯m̥bʰH-ró-”
  7. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979), “ggaṃpha-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 79-80
  8. ^ Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017), Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 36: “OP *jafra-”

Further reading

  • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “gabhīrá”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 201
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