Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sárwas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-wós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *sárwas

From earlier *sárHwas, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-wós, from *solh₂- (“whole”).

Adjective

*sárwas

all
entire, whole

Synonyms

*wíćwas

Derived terms

Proto-Iranian: *hárwa-wícwah
- Khotanese: [script needed] (harbiśśa)
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀. 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀 (ha^uruua. vīspa)
  - → Middle Persian: (/⁠harwisp⁠/, “all, every; everyone”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (hrwysp)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KRAwsp), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwsp'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwst')
    
    Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮉𐮅𐮀𐮅𐮍𐮎𐮈 (KRAwspy)
    - Classical Persian: هروسف (harwisf) (only in Zoroastrian texts)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sárwas
- Sanskrit: सर्व (sárva)
  - Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀭𑁆𑀯 / 𐨯𐨪𐨿𐨬 (sarva), 𑀲𑀯 (sava /⁠savva⁠/)
    - Dardic:
      - Chitrali:
        Khowar: سف (saf)
      - Kohistani:
        Kalami: [script needed] (sō), [script needed] (sūo)
        Torwali: سوو (sōw)
      - Kunar:
        Grangali: [script needed] (ṣōka)
        Shumashti: [script needed] (šauke)
    - Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
      - Central Indo-Aryan:
        Eastern Hindi:
        Awadhi: सब (sab)
        Western Hindi:
        Hindustani:
        Hindi: सब (sab)
        Urdu: سب (sab)
      - Eastern Indo-Aryan:
        Bengali-Assamese:
        Assamese: সব (xobo)
        Bengali: সব (śobo)
        Bihari:
        Bhojpuri: सभ (sabh)
        Maithili: सब (sab), सभ (sabh)
        Odia: ସବୋ (sabo)
      - Insular Indo-Aryan:
        Sinhalese: සව (sawa), හව (hawa)
      - Northern Indo-Aryan:
        Garhwali: सब (sab)
        Kumaoni: सब (sab)
        Nepali: सब (sab)
      - Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
        Punjabic:
        Punjabi: ਸਭ (sabh), ਸੱਭੇ (sabbhe)
        Sindhic:
        Kholosi: sāf
        Sindhi: सभु (sabhu)
      - Western Indo-Aryan:
        Old Gujarati: सव (sava)
        Gujarati: સહુ (sahu), સૌ (sau), સવ (sav)
        Romani: savoro, saro
Proto-Iranian: *hárwah
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (ha^uruua, “whole, each”)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Pashto: هر (har)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: هەر (har)
    
    Northern Kurdish: her (har)
    
    Southern Kurdish: هەر (har)
    
    Laki: هەر (har)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    - Caspian
      - Gilaki: هر (har), ار (ar)
      - Mazanderani: هر (har)
    - Parthian: (/⁠harw⁠/)
      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭊𐭓𐭀 (KRA)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇 (hrw)
    - Zaza-Gurani:
      - Gurani: گِر (gir)
      - Zazaki: hırg (hirg)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐏃𐎽𐎺 (h-ru-v /⁠haruva⁠/)
    - Middle Persian: (/⁠harw⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇 (hrw)
      
      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭪𐭥𐭠 (KRA)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KRA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (hl)
      
      Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮉𐮅𐮀 (KRA)
      
      Pazend script: 𐬵𐬀𐬭 (har)
      - Persian: هر (har, “each”)
        → Azerbaijani: hər / هر
        → Bashkir: һәр (hər)
        → Gujarati: હર (har)
        → Hindustani:
        Hindi: हर (har)
        Urdu: ہر (har)
        → Kazakh: әр (är)
        → Kyrgyz: ар (ar)
        Lurish:
        Northern Luri: هںر (hər)
        Bakhtiari: هںر (hər)
        Southern Luri: هںر (hər)
        → Ottoman Turkish: هر (her)
        Turkish: her
        → Southern Altai: ар (ar)
        → Tatar: här
        → Turkmen: her
        → Uzbek: har
Proto-Nuristani: *súwwa
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: sṹdi
    
    Kativiri: súv
  - Prasuni: sučók
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: sëvā́k
  - Tregami: sastok
  - Waigali: söv

References

Martínez García, Javier; de Vaan, Michiel (2014), Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎^[1], Brill, →ISBN
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sárva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press