सर्व
See also: स्रव
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit सर्व (sárva). Doublet of सब (sab) and हर (har).
Adjective
सर्व • (sarv) (indeclinable)
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “सर्व-”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit सर्व (sárva).
Adjective
सर्व • (sarva)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “सर्व”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “सर्व”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
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Alternative scripts
- সৰ্ব (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬃᬯ (Balinese script)
- সর্ব (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰨𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀭𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- သရွ (Burmese script)
- સર્વ (Gujarati script)
- ਸਰ੍ਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌰𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦂꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂩𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಸರ್ವ (Kannada script)
- សវ៌ (Khmer script)
- ສຣ຺ວ (Lao script)
- സര്വ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᡵᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘨𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᠷᢦ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧈𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐬𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
- ସର୍ଵ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢬ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆫𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖨𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
- සර්ව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩼 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚤𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
- ஸர்வ (Tamil script)
- సర్వ (Telugu script)
- สรฺว (Thai script)
- ས་རྭ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒩𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨫𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sárwas (“whole, all, entire”), from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-wós, from *solh₂- (“whole”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (hauruua), Old Persian 𐏃𐎽𐎺 (h-ru-v /haruva/) (whence Persian هر (har)), Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”), Latin sollus, Albanian gjallë.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sɐ́ɾ.ʋɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪ɐɾ.ʋɐ/
Determiner
सर्व॑ • (sárva)
- whole, entire, all, every
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.51.9:
- तव॑ प्रया॒जा अ॑नुया॒जाश् च॒ केव॑ल॒ ऊर्ज॑स्वन्तो ह॒विषः॑ सन्तु भा॒गाः।
तवा॑ग्ने य॒ज्ञो॒३॒॑ऽयम॑स्तु॒ सर्व॒स् तुभ्यं॑ नमन्तां प्र॒दिश॒श् चत॑स्रः॥- táva prayājā́ anuyājā́ś ca kévala ū́rjasvanto havíṣaḥ santu bhāgā́ḥ.
távāgne yajñòʼyámastu sárvas túbhyaṃ namantāṃ pradíśaś cátasraḥ. - Yours be the first oblations and the latter, entire, your forceful share of holy presents.
Let all this sacrifice be yours, O Agni, and let the world's four regions bow before you.
- táva prayājā́ anuyājā́ś ca kévala ū́rjasvanto havíṣaḥ santu bhāgā́ḥ.
- तव॑ प्रया॒जा अ॑नुया॒जाश् च॒ केव॑ल॒ ऊर्ज॑स्वन्तो ह॒विषः॑ सन्तु भा॒गाः।
- of all sorts, manifold, various, different
- altogether, wholly, completely, in all parts, everywhere
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सर्वः॑ (sárvaḥ) | सर्वौ॑ (sárvau) सर्वा॑¹ (sárvā¹) |
सर्वे॑ (sárve) |
| accusative | सर्व॑म् (sárvam) | सर्वौ॑ (sárvau) सर्वा॑¹ (sárvā¹) |
सर्वा॑न् (sárvān) |
| instrumental | सर्वे॑ण (sárveṇa) | सर्वा॑भ्याम् (sárvābhyām) | सर्वैः॑ (sárvaiḥ) सर्वे॑भिः¹ (sárvebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | सर्व॑स्मै (sárvasmai) | सर्वा॑भ्याम् (sárvābhyām) | सर्वे॑भ्यः (sárvebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सर्व॑स्मात् (sárvasmāt) | सर्वा॑भ्याम् (sárvābhyām) | सर्वे॑भ्यः (sárvebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सर्व॑स्य (sárvasya) | सर्व॑योः (sárvayoḥ) | सर्वे॑षाम् (sárveṣām) |
| locative | सर्व॑स्मिन् (sárvasmin) | सर्व॑योः (sárvayoḥ) | सर्वे॑षु (sárveṣu) |
| vocative | सर्व॑ (sárva) | सर्वौ॑ (sárvau) सर्वा॑¹ (sárvā¹) |
सर्वे॑ (sárve) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सर्वा॑ (sárvā) | सर्वे॑ (sárve) | सर्वाः॑ (sárvāḥ) |
| accusative | सर्वा॑म् (sárvām) | सर्वे॑ (sárve) | सर्वाः॑ (sárvāḥ) |
| instrumental | सर्व॑या (sárvayā) सर्वा॑¹ (sárvā¹) |
सर्वा॑भ्याम् (sárvābhyām) | सर्वा॑भिः (sárvābhiḥ) |
| dative | सर्व॑स्यै (sárvasyai) | सर्वा॑भ्याम् (sárvābhyām) | सर्वा॑भ्यः (sárvābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सर्व॑स्याः (sárvasyāḥ) | सर्वा॑भ्याम् (sárvābhyām) | सर्वा॑भ्यः (sárvābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सर्व॑स्याः (sárvasyāḥ) | सर्व॑योः (sárvayoḥ) | सर्वा॑साम् (sárvāsām) |
| locative | सर्व॑स्याम् (sárvasyām) | सर्व॑योः (sárvayoḥ) | सर्वा॑सु (sárvāsu) |
| vocative | सर्वे॑ (sárve) | सर्वे॑ (sárve) | सर्वाः॑ (sárvāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सर्व॑म् (sárvam) | सर्वे॑ (sárve) | सर्वा॑णि (sárvāṇi) सर्वा॑¹ (sárvā¹) |
| accusative | सर्व॑म् (sárvam) | सर्वे॑ (sárve) | सर्वा॑णि (sárvāṇi) सर्वा॑¹ (sárvā¹) |
| instrumental | सर्वे॑ण (sárveṇa) | सर्वा॑भ्याम् (sárvābhyām) | सर्वैः॑ (sárvaiḥ) सर्वे॑भिः¹ (sárvebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | सर्व॑स्मै (sárvasmai) | सर्वा॑भ्याम् (sárvābhyām) | सर्वे॑भ्यः (sárvebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सर्व॑स्मात् (sárvasmāt) | सर्वा॑भ्याम् (sárvābhyām) | सर्वे॑भ्यः (sárvebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सर्व॑स्य (sárvasya) | सर्व॑योः (sárvayoḥ) | सर्वे॑षाम् (sárveṣām) |
| locative | सर्व॑स्मिन् (sárvasmin) | सर्व॑योः (sárvayoḥ) | सर्वे॑षु (sárveṣu) |
| vocative | सर्व॑ (sárva) | सर्वे॑ (sárve) | सर्वा॑णि (sárvāṇi) सर्वा॑¹ (sárvā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Descendants
Inherited
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀭𑁆𑀯 / 𐨯𐨪𐨿𐨬 (sarva), 𑀲𑀯 (sava /savva/)
- Dardic:
- Chitrali:
- Khowar: سف (saf)
- Kohistani:
- Kalami: [script needed] (sō), [script needed] (sūo)
- Torwali: سوو (sōw)
- Kunar:
- Grangali: [script needed] (ṣōka)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (šauke)
- Chitrali:
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Insular Indo-Aryan:
- Sinhalese: සව (sawa), හව (hawa)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Western Indo-Aryan:
- Dardic:
Borrowed
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “sárva-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 711
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “सर्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1184, column 3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sárva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press