Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰwar-

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer-?

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwel-?

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰwar-

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer- or *ǵʰwel-.^[1]

For the former, compare Proto-Hellenic *kʷʰḗr (“wild beast”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *źwēˀrís (“wild animal”).^[2]
For the latter, compare Proto-Slavic *zъlъ (“bad”),^[3] Ancient Greek φῆλος (phêlos, “deceitful”).^[4]

Root

*ȷ́ʰwar-

to go crookedly

Derived terms

*ȷ́ʰwár-a-ti (active present)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰwárati
  - Sanskrit: ह्वर॑ति (hvárati), ह्वल॑ति (hválati, “to go crookedly”)
- Proto-Iranian: *jwárati
  - Ossetian: (“to turn, circle”)
    Digor Ossetian: зурун (zurun)
    
    Iron Ossetian: зырын (zyryn)
  - ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *parijwarati
    - Manichaean Middle Persian: [script needed] (przyryd, “to keep away”, 3sg.ind.pres)
*ȷ́ʰwár-a-tay (mediopassive present)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰwáratay
  - Sanskrit: ह्वर॑ते (hvárate, “to turn, deviate”) (Rigvedic)
*ȷ́ʰwr̥-šćá-ti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰwr̥šśáti?
  - Sanskrit: हूर्छ॑ति (hū́rchati)
*ȷ́ʰwār-áya-ti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰwāráyati
  - Sanskrit: ह्वारयति (hvārayati)
- Proto-Iranian: *jwāráyati
  - Sogdian:
    Buddhist: [script needed] (zβ’yr, “to cause to arrive”)
*ȷ́ʰwár-a-mHna-s (present mediopassive participle)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰwáramHnas
  - Sanskrit: ह्वर॑माण (hváramāṇa)
- Proto-Iranian: *jwáramHnas
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zbar^əmna)
Unsorted formations:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬧𐬙 (zbaraṇt, pres.ptc)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰwar-
- Sanskrit: ह्वृ (hvṛ), ह्वल् (hval), ⇒ हूर्छ् (hūrch)
Proto-Iranian: *jwar-^[1]
- Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬠𐬀𐬭 (zbar, “to go crooked, limp”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*zu̯ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 475
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 182
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zъlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 551
^ Walde, Alois (1930), Julius Pokorny, editor, Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume I, Berlin: de Gruyter, page 644

[cheung-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*zu̯ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 475

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 182

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zъlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 551

[4] Walde, Alois (1930), Julius Pokorny, editor, Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume I, Berlin: de Gruyter, page 644

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