Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swidyéti
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *sweyd- (“to sweat”) + *-yéti.
Verb
*swidyéti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4][5]
Conjugation
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *swidyéti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *swidyónti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *swidyóh₂ | *swidyóm | — | *swidyṓh₂ | *swidyóyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *swidyési | *swidyés | *swidyé | *swidyḗsi | *swidyóys |
| 3rd singular | *swidyéti | *swidyét | *swidyétu | *swidyḗti | *swidyóyt |
| 1st dual | *swidyówos | *swidyówe | — | *swidyṓwos | *swidyóywe |
| 2nd dual | *swidyétes | *swidyétom | *swidyétom | *swidyḗtes | *swidyóytom |
| 3rd dual | *swidyétes | *swidyétām | *swidyétām | *swidyḗtes | *swidyóytām |
| 1st plural | *swidyómos | *swidyóme | — | *swidyṓmos | *swidyóyme |
| 2nd plural | *swidyéte | *swidyéte | *swidyéte | *swidyḗte | *swidyóyte |
| 3rd plural | *swidyónti | *swidyónt | *swidyóntu | *swidyṓnti | *swidyóyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *swidyónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *swidyóh₂er | *swidyóh₂e | — | *swidyṓh₂er | *swidyóyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *swidyéth₂er | *swidyéth₂e | *swidyéso | *swidyḗth₂er | *swidyóyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *swidyétor | *swidyéto | *? | *swidyḗtor | *swidyóyto, *swidyóyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *swidyówosdʰh₂ | *swidyówedʰh₂ | — | *swidyṓwosdʰh₂ | *swidyóywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *swidyómosdʰh₂ | *swidyómedʰh₂ | — | *swidyṓmosdʰh₂ | *swidyóymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *swidyédʰh₂we | *swidyédʰh₂we | *swidyédʰh₂we | *swidyḗdʰh₂we | *swidyóydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *swidyóntor | *swidyónto | *? | *swidyṓntor | *swidyóyro |
| Participle | *swidyómnos | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-Germanic: *switjaną (“to sweat”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swídyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swídyati
- >? Sanskrit: स्विद्यति (svídyati, “to sweat, perspire”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swídyati
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: syā- (“to sweat”)
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*switjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 502: “*suid-ie-”
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “si-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 756: “*swidye/o-”
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *su̯ei̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 607: “*sṷid-i̯é-”
- ^ Ringe, Donald A. (1996), On the Chronology of Sound Changes in Tocharian. Volume 1: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian (American Oriental Series)[2], volume 80, New Haven, Conneticut: American Oriental Society, →ISBN, page 66: “*swidyé- 'be sweating'”
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*sṷei̯d-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 560: “*sṷidyé/ó-”