Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swidyéti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *sweyd- (to sweat) +‎ *-yéti.

    Verb

    *swidyéti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4][5]

    1. to be sweating; sweat, perspire

    Conjugation

    Imperfective, thematic
    3rd singular *swidyéti
    3rd plural *swidyónti
    Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *swidyóh₂ *swidyóm *swidyṓh₂ *swidyóyh₁m̥
    2nd singular *swidyési *swidyés *swidyé *swidyḗsi *swidyóys
    3rd singular *swidyéti *swidyét *swidyétu *swidyḗti *swidyóyt
    1st dual *swidyówos *swidyówe *swidyṓwos *swidyóywe
    2nd dual *swidyétes *swidyétom *swidyétom *swidyḗtes *swidyóytom
    3rd dual *swidyétes *swidyétām *swidyétām *swidyḗtes *swidyóytām
    1st plural *swidyómos *swidyóme *swidyṓmos *swidyóyme
    2nd plural *swidyéte *swidyéte *swidyéte *swidyḗte *swidyóyte
    3rd plural *swidyónti *swidyónt *swidyóntu *swidyṓnti *swidyóyh₁n̥t
    Participle *swidyónts
    Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *swidyóh₂er *swidyóh₂e *swidyṓh₂er *swidyóyh₂e
    2nd singular *swidyéth₂er *swidyéth₂e *swidyéso *swidyḗth₂er *swidyóyth₂e
    3rd singular *swidyétor *swidyéto *? *swidyḗtor *swidyóyto, *swidyóyh₁o
    1st dual *swidyówosdʰh₂ *swidyówedʰh₂ *swidyṓwosdʰh₂ *swidyóywedʰh₂
    2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
    3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
    1st plural *swidyómosdʰh₂ *swidyómedʰh₂ *swidyṓmosdʰh₂ *swidyóymedʰh₂
    2nd plural *swidyédʰh₂we *swidyédʰh₂we *swidyédʰh₂we *swidyḗdʰh₂we *swidyóydʰh₂we
    3rd plural *swidyóntor *swidyónto *? *swidyṓntor *swidyóyro
    Participle *swidyómnos

    Descendants

    • Proto-Germanic: *switjaną (to sweat) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swídyati
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: syā- (to sweat)

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*switjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 502:*suid-ie-
    2. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “si-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 756:*swidye/o-
    3. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *su̯ei̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 607:*sṷid-i̯é-
    4. ^ Ringe, Donald A. (1996), On the Chronology of Sound Changes in Tocharian. Volume 1: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian (American Oriental Series)‎[2], volume 80, New Haven, Conneticut: American Oriental Society, →ISBN, page 66:*swidyé- 'be sweating'
    5. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*sṷei̯d-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 560:*sṷidyé/ó-