Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leyp-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    Often supposed to be an extension of *ley-, *(s)ley- (“to slip, slide, glide; slimy”).

    Root

    *leyp-[1][2][3]

    1. to stick
    2. fat or sticky substance

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leyp- (20 c, 0 e)
    • *léyp-os ~ *léyp-es-os[1]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráypas
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ráypas
    • *leyp-ó-m[1]
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *lībą (see there for further descendants)
    • *li-né-p-ti ~ *li-m-p-énti (nasal-infix present)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *limpáti
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *limpáti
    • *lip-yé-ti (yé-present)
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *libjaną (“to live, be alive”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *loyp-éye-ti (causative)
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laip-
        • Eastern Baltic:
        • Proto-Slavic: *lěpiti (“to smear, stick”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *laibijaną (“leave behind”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *laypáyati
    • *loyp-éh₂[1]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Eastern Baltic:
          • Lithuanian: làipa (“footbridge”)
        • Slavic:
          • Polish: lepa (“slush”)
      • Proto-Germanic: *laibō (“that which remains”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *loyp-o-s[1]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Proto-Slavic: *lě̑pъ (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *láypas
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *láypas
    • *lip-o-s[1]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Eastern Baltic:
          • Lithuanian: lipai̇̃ (“glue, adhesive”)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *lípos (see there for further descendants)
    • *lip-nó-s[1]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Eastern Baltic:
          • Lithuanian: lipnùs (“sticky, adhesive; sociable, likable, friendly”)
      • Proto-Italic: *lipnos
        • >? Latin: lippus (“dripping; festering; watery-eyed, drowsy”)
    • *lip-ró-s[1]
      • *lip-r-éh₂ f
        • >? Proto-Germanic: *librō (“liver”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *riprás
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *riprás
          • Sanskrit: रिप्र (riprá-, “dirt, impurity, stain; dirty, filthy, vile, bad”)
    • *lip-tó-s[1]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Eastern Baltic:
          • Lithuanian: li̇̀ptas (“footbridge”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *liptás
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *liptás
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *riptás
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *riptás
    • *lip-ú-s[1]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lipus
        • Eastern Baltic:
          • Lithuanian: lipùs (“sticky”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ripúš
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ripúṣ
          • Sanskrit: रिपु (ripú-, “fraudulent, deceitful, treacherous”)
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *líptei (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *lībaną (with unexpected voiced Verner alternant) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bilībaną (see there for further descendants)
    • Germanic: (possibly) *ainalif (“eleven”, literally “one left”), *twalif (“twelve”, literally “two left”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: λίπα (lípa, “richly”)
      • Ancient Greek: λιπαίνω (lipaínō, “to oil, anoint, lubricate, enrich”), λιπάω (lipáō)
      • Ancient Greek: λιπαρός (liparós, “fatty, rich, oily, greasy, lubricated, shiny”)
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: लेपन (lepana, “smearing; liniment, oil; fat, flesh, meat”)
        • Sanskrit: लेपिन् (lepin, “smearing”)
        • Sanskrit: लिपि (lipi, “smear(ing); painting, drawing, writing”)
        • Sanskrit: लिप्यते (lipyate, “to be stuck, attached, smeared (onto)”)
        • Sanskrit: रिप् (rip, “deceit, injury; deceiver, injurer, enemy”)
    • Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: lip (“remain”)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*lei̯p- 'kleben bleiben'”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 453–454
    2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*lei̯p-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 408
    3. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*leip-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 528

    Further reading

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