लेपयति

Sanskrit

Etymology

By surface analysis, लिप् (lip) +‎ -अयति (-ayati). The term may be inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *laypáyati, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *laypáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *loyp-éye-ti.^[1] The same causative formation may be attested in Proto-Slavic *lěpiti (“to stick”) and Proto-Germanic *laibijaną. However, the linguist Axel Palmér argues that the Sanskrit term may be a later innovation due to its late attestation and the semantic differences with the Slavic cognates.^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /lɐj.pɐ́.jɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /l̪eː.pɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

ले॒पय॑ति • (lepáyati) third-singular indicative (class 10, causative, root लिप्)^[1]

to cause to smear
to smear
to cast blame upon anyone
to anoint
to cover
to foment, incite troublesome acts

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: ले॒पयि॑तुम् (lepáyitum)
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	ले॒पयि॑तुम् lepáyitum
Gerund	ले॒प॒यि॒त्वा lepayitvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	ले॒प॒यि॒त॒व्य॑ / ले॒प॒नीय॑ lepayitavyà / lepanī́ya
Feminine Gerundive	ले॒प॒यि॒त॒व्या॑ / ले॒प॒नीया॑ lepayitavyā̀ / lepanī́yā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	ले॒पि॒त lepitá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	ले॒पि॒ता lepitā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	ले॒पि॒तव॑त् lepitávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	ले॒पि॒तव॑ती lepitávatī

Present: ले॒पय॑ति (lepáyati), ले॒पय॑ते (lepáyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ले॒पय॑ति lepáyati	ले॒पय॑तः lepáyataḥ	ले॒पय॑न्ति lepáyanti	ले॒पय॑ते lepáyate	ले॒पये॑ते lepáyete	ले॒पय॑न्ते lepáyante
Second	ले॒पय॑सि lepáyasi	ले॒पय॑थः lepáyathaḥ	ले॒पय॑थ lepáyatha	ले॒पय॑से lepáyase	ले॒पये॑थे lepáyethe	ले॒पय॑ध्वे lepáyadhve
First	ले॒पया॑मि lepáyāmi	ले॒पया॑वः lepáyāvaḥ	ले॒पया॑मः / ले॒पया॑मसि¹ lepáyāmaḥ / lepáyāmasi¹	ले॒पये॑ lepáye	ले॒पया॑वहे lepáyāvahe	ले॒पया॑महे lepáyāmahe
Imperative
Third	ले॒पय॑तु lepáyatu	ले॒पय॑ताम् lepáyatām	ले॒पय॑न्तु lepáyantu	ले॒पय॑ताम् lepáyatām	ले॒पये॑ताम् lepáyetām	ले॒पय॑न्ताम् lepáyantām
Second	ले॒पय॑ lepáya	ले॒पय॑तम् lepáyatam	ले॒पय॑त lepáyata	ले॒पय॑स्व lepáyasva	ले॒पये॑थाम् lepáyethām	ले॒पय॑ध्वम् lepáyadhvam
First	ले॒पया॑नि lepáyāni	ले॒पया॑व lepáyāva	ले॒पया॑म lepáyāma	ले॒पयै॑ lepáyai	ले॒पया॑वहै lepáyāvahai	ले॒पया॑महै lepáyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	ले॒पये॑त् lepáyet	ले॒पये॑ताम् lepáyetām	ले॒पये॑युः lepáyeyuḥ	ले॒पये॑त lepáyeta	ले॒पये॑याताम् lepáyeyātām	ले॒पये॑रन् lepáyeran
Second	ले॒पयेः॑ lepáyeḥ	ले॒पये॑तम् lepáyetam	ले॒पये॑त lepáyeta	ले॒पये॑थाः lepáyethāḥ	ले॒पये॑याथाम् lepáyeyāthām	ले॒पये॑ध्वम् lepáyedhvam
First	ले॒पये॑यम् lepáyeyam	ले॒पये॑व lepáyeva	ले॒पये॑म lepáyema	ले॒पये॑य lepáyeya	ले॒पये॑वहि lepáyevahi	ले॒पये॑महि lepáyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	ले॒पया॑त् / ले॒पया॑ति lepáyāt / lepáyāti	ले॒पया॑तः lepáyātaḥ	ले॒पया॑न् lepáyān	ले॒पया॑ते / ले॒पया॑तै lepáyāte / lepáyātai	ले॒पयै॑ते lepáyaite	ले॒पय॑न्त / ले॒पया॑न्तै lepáyanta / lepáyāntai
Second	ले॒पयाः॑ / ले॒पया॑सि lepáyāḥ / lepáyāsi	ले॒पया॑थः lepáyāthaḥ	ले॒पया॑थ lepáyātha	ले॒पया॑से / ले॒पया॑सै lepáyāse / lepáyāsai	ले॒पयै॑थे lepáyaithe	ले॒पया॑ध्वै lepáyādhvai
First	ले॒पया॑नि lepáyāni	ले॒पया॑व lepáyāva	ले॒पया॑म lepáyāma	ले॒पयै॑ lepáyai	ले॒पया॑वहै lepáyāvahai	ले॒पया॑महै lepáyāmahai
Participles
	ले॒पय॑त् lepáyat			ले॒पय॑मान / लेपयान² lepáyamāna / lepayāna²
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit

Imperfect: अले॑पयत् (álepayat), अले॑पयत (álepayata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अले॑पयत् álepayat	अले॑पयताम् álepayatām	अले॑पयन् álepayan	अले॑पयत álepayata	अले॑पयेताम् álepayetām	अले॑पयन्त álepayanta
Second	अले॑पयः álepayaḥ	अले॑पयतम् álepayatam	अले॑पयत álepayata	अले॑पयथाः álepayathāḥ	अले॑पयेथाम् álepayethām	अले॑पयध्वम् álepayadhvam
First	अले॑पयम् álepayam	अले॑पयाव álepayāva	अले॑पयाम álepayāma	अले॑पये álepaye	अले॑पयावहि álepayāvahi	अले॑पयामहि álepayāmahi

Future: ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यति॑ (lepayiṣyáti), ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यते॑ (lepayiṣyáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यति॑ lepayiṣyáti	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यतः॑ lepayiṣyátaḥ	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यन्ति॑ lepayiṣyánti	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यते॑ lepayiṣyáte	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्येते॑ lepayiṣyéte	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यन्ते॑ lepayiṣyánte
Second	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यसि॑ lepayiṣyási	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यथः॑ lepayiṣyáthaḥ	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यथ॑ lepayiṣyátha	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यसे॑ lepayiṣyáse	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्येथे॑ lepayiṣyéthe	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यध्वे॑ lepayiṣyádhve
First	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यामि॑ lepayiṣyā́mi	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यावः॑ lepayiṣyā́vaḥ	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यामः॑ / ले॒प॒यि॒ष्याम॑सि¹ lepayiṣyā́maḥ / lepayiṣyā́masi¹	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्ये lepayiṣyé	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्याव॑हे lepayiṣyā́vahe	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्याम॑हे lepayiṣyā́mahe
Participles
	ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यत् lepayiṣyát			ले॒प॒यि॒ष्यमा॑ण lepayiṣyámāṇa
Notes	¹Vedic

Conditional: अले॑पयिष्यत् (álepayiṣyat), अले॑पयिष्यत (álepayiṣyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अले॑पयिष्यत् álepayiṣyat	अले॑पयिष्यताम् álepayiṣyatām	अले॑पयिष्यन् álepayiṣyan	अले॑पयिष्यत álepayiṣyata	अले॑पयिष्येताम् álepayiṣyetām	अले॑पयिष्यन्त álepayiṣyanta
Second	अले॑पयिष्यः álepayiṣyaḥ	अले॑पयिष्यतम् álepayiṣyatam	अले॑पयिष्यत álepayiṣyata	अले॑पयिष्यथाः álepayiṣyathāḥ	अले॑पयिष्येथाम् álepayiṣyethām	अले॑पयिष्यध्वम् álepayiṣyadhvam
First	अले॑पयिष्यम् álepayiṣyam	अले॑पयिष्याव álepayiṣyāva	अले॑पयिष्याम álepayiṣyāma	अले॑पयिष्ये álepayiṣye	अले॑पयिष्यावहि álepayiṣyāvahi	अले॑पयिष्यामहि álepayiṣyāmahi

Benedictive/Precative: ले॒प्यात् (lepyā́t) or ले॒प्याः (lepyā́ḥ), ले॒प॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट (lepayiṣīṣṭá)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Optative/Potential
Third	ले॒प्यात् / ले॒प्याः¹ lepyā́t / lepyā́ḥ¹	ले॒प्यास्ता॑म् lepyā́stām	ले॒प्यासुः॑ lepyā́suḥ	ले॒प॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट lepayiṣīṣṭá	ले॒प॒यि॒षी॒यास्ता॑म्² lepayiṣīyā́stām²	ले॒प॒यि॒षी॒रन् lepayiṣīrán
Second	ले॒प्याः lepyā́ḥ	ले॒प्यास्त॑म् lepyā́stam	ले॒प्यास्त॑ lepyā́sta	ले॒प॒यि॒षी॒ष्ठाः lepayiṣīṣṭhā́ḥ	ले॒प॒यि॒षी॒यास्था॑म्² lepayiṣīyā́sthām²	ले॒प॒यि॒षी॒ढ्वम् lepayiṣīḍhvám
First	ले॒प्यास॑म् lepyā́sam	ले॒प्यास्व॑ lepyā́sva	ले॒प्यास्म॑ lepyā́sma	ले॒प॒यि॒षी॒य lepayiṣīyá	ले॒प॒यि॒षी॒वहि॑ lepayiṣīváhi	ले॒प॒यि॒षी॒महि॑ lepayiṣīmáhi
Notes	¹Vedic ²Uncertain

Perfect: ले॒प॒यामास॑ (lepayā́mā́sa) or ले॒प॒यांच॒कार॑ (lepayā́ṃcakā́ra), ले॒प॒यांच॒क्रे (lepayā́ṃcakré)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ले॒प॒यामास॑ / ले॒प॒यांच॒कार॑ lepayā́mā́sa / lepayā́ṃcakā́ra	ले॒प॒यामा॒सतुः॑ / ले॒प॒यांच॒क्रतुः॑ lepayā́māsátuḥ / lepayā́ṃcakrátuḥ	ले॒प॒यामा॒सुः / ले॒प॒यांच॒क्रुः lepayā́māsúḥ / lepayā́ṃcakrúḥ	ले॒प॒यांच॒क्रे lepayā́ṃcakré	ले॒प॒यांच॒क्राते॑ lepayā́ṃcakrā́te	ले॒प॒यांच॑क्रि॒रे lepayā́ṃcakriré
Second	ले॒प॒यामासि॑थ / ले॒प॒यांच॒कर्थ॑ lepayā́mā́sitha / lepayā́ṃcakártha	ले॒प॒यामा॒सथुः॑ / ले॒प॒यांच॒क्रथुः॑ lepayā́māsáthuḥ / lepayā́ṃcakráthuḥ	ले॒प॒यामा॒स / ले॒प॒यांच॒क्र lepayā́māsá / lepayā́ṃcakrá	ले॒प॒यांच॑कृ॒षे lepayā́ṃcakṛṣé	ले॒प॒यांच॒क्राथे॑ lepayā́ṃcakrā́the	ले॒प॒यांच॑कृ॒ध्वे lepayā́ṃcakṛdhvé
First	ले॒प॒यामास॑ / ले॒प॒यांच॒कर॑ lepayā́mā́sa / lepayā́ṃcakára	ले॒प॒यामा॑सि॒व / ले॒प॒यांच॑कृ॒व lepayā́māsivá / lepayā́ṃcakṛvá	ले॒प॒यामा॑सि॒म / ले॒प॒यांच॑कृ॒म lepayā́māsimá / lepayā́ṃcakṛmá	ले॒प॒यांच॒क्रे lepayā́ṃcakré	ले॒प॒यांच॑कृ॒वहे॑ lepayā́ṃcakṛváhe	ले॒प॒यांच॑कृ॒महे॑ lepayā́ṃcakṛmáhe
Participles
	ले॒प॒यामा॑सि॒वांस् / ले॒प॒यांच॑कृ॒वांस् lepayā́māsivā́ṃs / lepayā́ṃcakṛvā́ṃs			ले॒प॒यांच॑क्रा॒ण lepayā́ṃcakrāṇá

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*lei̯p-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 408-409: “Kausativ *loi̯p-éi̯e-”
^ Palmér, A. I. (2024) Indo-Slavic lexical isoglosses and the prehistoric dispersal of Indo-Iranian (Thesis)‎^[1], Leiden University, page 195

Monier Williams (1899), “लिप्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 902, column 2.
William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 147

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “lēpayati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 647
Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “lepay”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1898–1899), “lepayati”, in Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der altindischen Sprache (in German), Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, page 264
Pokorny, Julius (1959), “1. leip-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 670

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*lei̯p-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 408-409: “Kausativ *loi̯p-éi̯e-”

[Palmer-2] Palmér, A. I. (2024) Indo-Slavic lexical isoglosses and the prehistoric dispersal of Indo-Iranian (Thesis)‎^[1], Leiden University, page 195

[1]

[2]