Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kerdʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    If reconstructed as *(s)kerdʰ-, then the term could be construed as an extension of *(s)ker- (to cut).[1]

    Noun

    *(s)kerdʰ-[2][3][4]

    1. herd

    Alternative reconstructions

    • *ḱerdʰ-
    • *(s)ḱerdʰ-

    Reconstruction notes

    On the basis of the Indo-Iranian forms, the term is sometimes reconstructed as *(s)ḱerdʰ- with a palatovelar. Lubotsky, however, suggests that Proto-Indo-European *skerdʰ- may have developed into *sčardh-, which then palatalized into Proto-Indo-Iranian *sćardʰ-. Afterwards, *sćardʰ- may have become *ćʰardʰ- via the assimilation of the initial cluster, which then perhaps would have become *ćardʰ- due to Grassman's Law. Finally, *ćardʰ- may have then become Sanskrit *śardh-.[1]

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kerdʰ- (9 c, 0 e)
    • *(s)kerdʰ-eh₂[5][6][7][8]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *(s)kerdāˀ
        • Old Prussian: kērdan
        • Lithuanian: kerdžius, sker̃džius
        • Proto-Slavic: *čerda (file, herd) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *herdō (see there for further descendants)
    • *(s)kérdʰ-o-s[5][1]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćárdʰas
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śárdʰas
        • Proto-Iranian:
          • Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sarəδa)
        • ? Proto-Samic: *čeartë (tribe)[9]
      • Proto-Italic:
        • >? Umbrian: 𐌜𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌉𐌄 (çerfie)[10]
    • *skordʰ-os[11]
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Hellenic:

    References

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lubotsky, Alexander (2001), “Reflexes of Proto-Indo-European *sk in Indo-Iranian”, in Incontri linguistici[1], volume 24, pages 22-24
    2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κόρθυς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 753
    3. ^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009), Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin[2], Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 45
    4. ^ Rychło, Mikołaj (1 June 2013), “English Herd and Polish Trzoda: How the Two Words Developed from One Proto-Indo-European Etymon”, in Acta Neophilologica[3], volume 1, number XV, →ISSN, pages 155–165
    5. 5.0 5.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*herdō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 221
    6. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čerdà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 81-82
    7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “kerdžius”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 238-239
    8. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*kerdheha-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 268
    9. ^ Holopainen, Sampsa (2022), “On the question of substitution of palatovelars in Indo-European loanwords into Uralic”, in Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja[5], number 98, →ISSN, page 209
    10. ^ Onishi, Teigo (7 December 2021), “Umbrian ⟨rs⟩ and ⟨rf⟩”, in Indo-European Linguistics[6] (in American English), volume 9, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 208
    11. ^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “herdhe”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 145

    Further reading